REGISTER  |  SIGN IN
United States Patent7243345
Ohsawa , ; et al.July 10, 2007
Title
Multi-thread executing method and parallel processing system
Abstract
In a multi-thread executing method of dividing a single program into a plurality of threads and executing the program by a plurality of processors in parallel, at a time of every fork instruction of the executing thread, when there already exists a child thread generated form the above thread, the program cancels the child thread or makes invalid all the fork instructions other than the first fork instruction having succeeded in forking the child thread, hence to select one fork instruction for creating an effective child thread from a plurality of fork instructions existing within a parent thread, during the execution of the parent thread. Therefore, it can assure the Fork-Once limitation at a time of the program execution.
Inventors:Ohsawa; Taku (Tokyo, JP), Matsushita; Satoshi  (Tokyo, JP)
Assignee:NEC Corporation (Tokyo, JP)
Appl. No.:10/189,455
Filed:July 8, 2002
PCT Pub Date:July 10, 2007
Foreign Application Priority Data
Jul 12, 2001 [JP] 2001-212247
Current U.S. Class:717/149 717/119 
Current International Class:G06F 9/45 (20060101) G06F 9/44 (20060101)
Field of Search:717/119,127,140,146,149 712/216,248,228,25,26 718/104,106-107 709/209
U.S. Patent Documents
4953078August 1990Petit
5560029September 1996Papadopoulos et al.
5717926February 1998Browning et al.
5812811September 1998Dubey et al.
5900025May 1999Sollars
5913059June 1999Torii
6049867April 2000Eickemeyer et al.
6061710May 2000Eickemeyer et al.
6076157June 2000Borkenhagen et al.
6389446May 2002Torii
Foreign Patent Documents
08-249183Sep., 1996JP
10-27108Jan., 1998JP
10-78880Mar., 1998JP
2000-047887Feb., 2000JP
2001-282549Oct., 2001JP
2340271Feb., 2000GB
Other References
Pritpal S. Ahuja et al., "Multipath Execution: Opportunities and Limits", Jul. 1998, ACM Press, pp. 101-108. cited by examiner .
Torii, Sunao et al., Proposal for a MUSCAT on-chip control parallel processor. J h Shori Gakkai Ronbunshi [Papers of the Information Processing Society], Japan, Information Processing Society, Jun. 1998, vol. 39, No. 6, pp. 1622-1631. cited by other .
Osawa, Taku et al, Investigation of the mixed thread execution scheme under MUSCAT. J h Shori Gakkai Kenky H koku [Information Processing Society Research Reports], Japan, Information Processing Society, Aug. 4, 1999, vol. 99, No. 67, pp. 169-174. cited by other .
Culler, "Suggestion of On-Chip Multiprocessor-Oriented Multi-Stream Control Architecture MSCAT", papers of Joint Symposium on Parallel Processing JSSPP97, Information Processing Society of Japan, May 1997) pp. 229-236. cited by other.~
Primary Examiner: Zhen; Wei
Assistant Examiner: Deng; Anna
Attorney, Agent or Firm:Foley & Lardner LLP
Claims

The invention claimed is:
1. A multi-thread executing method of dividing a single program into a plurality of threads and executing the program by a plurality of processors in parallel, comprising the following steps in which: each of said processors assures Fork-Once limitation at a time of program execution, by selecting one fork instruction for creating an effective child thread from a plurality of fork instructions existing within a parent thread, during execution of said parent thread; and said processor having generated an effective child thread finishes processing of a thread by executing an instruction up to an address just before a starting address of said effective child thread, wherein when there already exists a child thread generated from said parent thread for every fork instruction of said parent thread, said child thread is cancelled and wherein when said first fork instruction has succeeded in forking a child thread, making invalid all said fork instructions other than said first fork instruction having succeeded in forking a child thread, in a processor having started execution of said parent thread.

2. The multi-thread executing method as set forth in claim 1, comprising a step of finishing said processing of a thread in said processor, according to a term instruction corresponding to a fork instruction having forked said effective child thread, of said term instructions inserted just before fork destination addresses within a parallel program correspondingly to said respective fork instructions.

3. The multi-thread executing method as set forth in claim 1, comprising a step of finishing said processing of a thread in said processor, on condition that a value of a program counter is coincident with said starting address of said effective child thread.

4. The multi-thread executing method as set forth in claim 1, comprising a step of waiting said execution of said fork instruction until said other processor capable of starting the execution of said child thread appears after execution of said parent thread starts in one processor when there exists no other processor capable of starting execution of a child thread at a time of a fork instruction.

5. The multi-thread executing method as set forth in claim 1, comprising a step of after execution of said parent thread starts in one processor, when there exists no other processor capable of starting execution of a child thread at a time of a fork instruction, saving content of a register file of said parent thread and performing a fork of a child thread based on said saved information if said other processor capable of starting the execution of said child thread appears.

6. The multi-thread executing method as set forth in claim 1, comprising a step of making such a fork instruction invalid that has no other processor capable of starting execution of a child thread at a time of every fork instruction, after execution of said parent thread starts in one processor.

7. The multi-thread executing method as set forth in claim 1, comprising a step of making such a fork instruction invalid that has no other processor capable of starting execution of a child thread at a time of every fork instruction and before a register file of said parent thread is updated, after execution of said parent thread starts in one processor.

8. The multi-thread executing method as set forth in claim 1, comprising a step of making such a fork instruction invalid that has no other processor capable of starting execution of a child thread at a time of every fork instruction and before a register to be inherited by a child thread, of said registers of a register file of said parent thread, is updated, after execution of said parent thread starts in one processor.

9. A multi-thread executing method in a parallel processing system which has a plurality of processors for fetching, decoding, and executing instructions of threads simultaneously according to a program counter, each of said processors having a temporary buffer capable of canceling execution of a thread, and which is provided with a function of starting the execution of a child thread starting from a fork destination address specified by a fork instruction within a parent thread executed by one of said processors, in a fork destination processor concerned with said parent thread executing processor, by making said child thread inherit at least a value of a register necessary for said child thread, of a register file of said parent thread, the method comprising: assuring Fork-Once limitation at a time of program execution by following steps of (a) starting the execution of said parent thread in said processor, with a forked bit provided in said processor reset; (b) storing said fork destination address into a register provided in said processor at a time of every fork instruction in said parent thread; when said forked bit is reset, forking said child thread to said fork destination processor and then setting said forked bit if said fork destination processor in said processor is free; while making said fork instruction invalid if said fork destination processor is busy; when said forked bit is set, canceling said thread execution of said fork destination processor and forking said child thread to said fork destination processor; and (c) finishing the processing of a thread in said processor in which said forked bit is set and a value of a program counter is coincident with said fork destination address stored in said register.

10. The multi-thread executing method as set forth in claim 9, comprising a step of finishing the processing of a thread in said processor, according to a term instruction corresponding to a fork instruction having forked an effective child thread, of said term instructions inserted just before said fork destination addresses within a parallel program correspondingly to the respective fork instructions, instead of said step of finishing the processing of a thread in said processor in which said forked bit is set and the value of said program counter is coincident with said fork destination address stored in said register.

11. A multi-thread executing method in a parallel processing system which has a plurality of processors for fetching, decoding, and executing instructions of threads simultaneously according to a program counter, each of said processors having a temporary buffer capable of canceling execution of a thread, and which is provided with a function of starting the execution of a child thread starting from a fork destination address specified by a fork instruction within a parent thread executed by one of said processors, in a fork destination processor concerned with said parent thread executing processor, by making said child thread inherit at least a value of a register necessary for said child thread, of a register file of said parent thread, the method comprising: assuring Fork-Once limitation at a time of program execution by following steps of (a) starting the execution of said parent thread in said processor, with a forked bit and a fork active bit provided in said processor reset; (b) storing said fork destination address into a register provided in said processor at a time of every fork instruction within said parent thread and setting said fork active bit; (c) resetting said fork active bit when said register file of said parent thread is updated; (d) when said fork active bit of said processor is set and said forked bit is reset, forking said child thread to said fork destination processor if said fork destination processor turns free, then setting said forked bit and resetting said fork active bit, while when said forked bit is set, canceling the thread execution of said fork destination processor, so to fork said child thread to said fork destination processor; (e) finishing the processing of a thread in said processor in which said forked bit is set and a value of a program counter is coincident with said fork destination address stored in said register.

12. The multi-thread executing method as set forth in claim 11, comprising a step of finishing the processing of a thread in said processor, according to a term instruction corresponding to a fork instruction having forked an effective child thread, of the term instructions inserted just before said fork destination addresses within a parallel program correspondingly to the respective fork instructions, instead of said step of finishing the processing of a thread in said processor in which said forked bit is set and the value of said program counter is coincident with said fork destination address stored in said register.

13. A multi-thread executing method in a parallel processing system which has a plurality of processors for fetching, decoding, and executing instructions of threads simultaneously according to a program counter, each of said processors having a temporary buffer capable of canceling execution of a thread, and which is provided with a function of starting the execution of a child thread starting from a fork destination address specified by a fork instruction within a parent thread executed by one of said processors, in a fork destination processor concerned with said parent thread executing processor, by making said child thread inherit at least a value of a register necessary for said child thread, of a register file of said parent thread, the method comprising: assuring Fork-Once limitation at a time of program execution by following steps of (a) starting the execution of said parent thread in said processor, with a forked bit and a fork active bit provided in said processor reset; (b) storing said fork destination address into a register provided in said processor at a time of every fork instruction within said parent thread and setting said fork active bit; (c) resetting said fork active bit when a register to be inherited by said child thread, of said registers within said register file of said parent thread, is updated; (d) when said fork active bit of said processor is set and said forked bit is reset, forking said child thread to said fork destination processor if said fork destination processor turns free, then setting said forked bit and resetting said fork active bit, while when said forked bit is set, canceling said thread execution of said fork destination processor, so to fork said child thread to said fork destination processor; (e) finishing the processing of a thread in said processor in which said forked bit is set and a value of a program counter is coincident with said fork destination address stored in said register.

14. The multi-thread executing method as set forth in claim 13, comprising a step of finishing the processing of a thread in said processor, according to a term instruction corresponding to a fork instruction having forked an effective child thread, of said term instructions inserted just before said fork destination addresses within a parallel program correspondingly to the respective fork instructions, instead of said step of finishing the processing of a thread in said processor in which said forked bit is set and the value of said program counter is coincident with said fork destination address stored in said register.

15. A multi-thread executing method in a parallel processing system which has a plurality of processors for fetching, decoding, and executing instructions of threads simultaneously according to a program counter, each of said processors having a temporary buffer capable of canceling execution of a thread, and which is provided with a function of starting the execution of a child thread starting from a fork destination address specified by a fork instruction within a parent thread executed by one of said processors, in a fork destination processor concerned with said parent thread executing processor, by making said child thread inherit at least a value of a register necessary for said child thread, of a register file of said parent thread, the method comprising: assuring Fork-Once limitation at a time of program execution by following steps of (a) starting the execution of said parent thread in said processor, with a forked bit provided in said processor reset; (b) storing said fork destination address into a register provided in said processor at a time of every fork instruction within said parent thread; when said forked bit is reset, if said fork destination processor of said processor is free, immediately forking said child thread to said fork destination processor; while if said processor is not free, waiting said fork instruction until said processor turns free, then forking said child thread to said fork destination processor, and setting said forked bit; when said forked bit is set, canceling said thread execution of said fork destination processor so to fork said child thread to said fork destination processor; and (c) finishing the processing of a thread in said processor in which said forked bit is set and a value of a program counter is coincident with said fork destination address stored in said register.

16. The multi-thread executing method as set forth in claim 15, comprising a step of finishing the processing of a thread in said processor, according to a term instruction corresponding to a fork instruction having forked an effective child thread, of the term instructions inserted just before said fork destination addresses within a parallel program correspondingly to said respective fork instructions, instead of said step of finishing the processing of a thread in said processor in which said forked bit is set and the value of said program counter is coincident with said fork destination address stored in said register.

17. A multi-thread executing method in a parallel processing system which has a plurality of processors for fetching, decoding, and executing instructions of threads simultaneously according to a program counter, each of said processors having a temporary buffer capable of canceling execution of a thread, and which is provided with a function of starting the execution of a child thread starting from a fork destination address specified by a fork instruction within a parent thread executed by one of said processors, in a fork destination processor concerned with said parent thread executing processor, by making said child thread inherit at least a value of a register necessary for said child thread, of a register file of said parent thread, the method comprising: assuring Fork-Once limitation at a time of program execution by following steps of (a) starting the execution of said parent thread in said processor, with a forked bit provided in said processor reset; (b) storing said fork destination address into a register provided in said processor at a time of every fork instruction within said parent thread, when said forked bit is reset, if said fork destination processor of said processor is free, immediately forking said child thread to said fork destination processor based on content of said register file and setting said forked bit; while if said fork destination processor of said processor is busy, saving the content of said register file into a save buffer provided in said processor and holding a fork of said child thread until said fork destination processor turns free; when said forked bit is set, canceling the thread execution of said fork destination processor so to fork said child thread to said fork destination processor; and (c) finishing the processing of a thread in said processor in which said forked bit is set and a value of a program counter is coincident with said fork destination address stored in said register.

18. The multi-thread executing method as set forth in claim 17, comprising a step of finishing the processing of a thread in said processor, according to a term instruction corresponding to a fork instruction having forked an effective child thread, of the term instructions inserted just before said fork destination addresses within a parallel program correspondingly to said respective fork instructions, instead of said step of finishing the processing of a thread in said processor in which said forked bit is set and the value of said program counter is coincident with said fork destination address stored in said register.

19. A multi-thread executing method in a parallel processing system including a plurality of processors for fetching, decoding, and executing instructions of threads simultaneously according to a program counter, and provided with a function of starting the execution of a child thread starting from a fork destination address specified by a fork instruction within a parent thread executed by one of said processors, in a fork destination processor concerned with said parent thread executing processor, by making said child thread inherit at least a value of a register necessary for said child thread, of a register file of said parent thread, the method comprising: assuring Fork-Once limitation at a time of program execution by following steps of (a) starting the execution of said parent thread in said processor, with a forked bit provided in said processor reset; (b) at a time of every fork instruction within said parent thread, when said forked bit is reset, if said fork destination processor concerned with said parent thread executing processor is free, forking said child thread, then setting said forked bit, and storing said fork destination address into a register provided in said processor; while if said fork destination processor is busy, making said fork instruction invalid; and when said forked bit is set, making said fork instruction invalid; and (c) finishing the processing of a thread in said processor in which said forked bit is set and a value of a program counter is coincident with said fork destination address stored in said register.

20. The multi-thread executing method as set forth in claim 19, comprising a step of finishing the processing of a thread in said processor, according to a term instruction corresponding to a fork instruction having forked an effective child thread, of the term instructions inserted just before said fork destination addresses within a parallel program correspondingly to the respective fork instructions, instead of said step of finishing the processing of a thread in said processor in which said forked bit is set and the value of said program counter is coincident with said fork destination address stored in said register.

21. A multi-thread executing method in a parallel processing system including a plurality of processors for fetching, decoding, and executing instructions of threads simultaneously according to a program counter, and provided with a function of starting the execution of a child thread starting from a fork destination address specified by a fork instruction within a parent thread executed by one of said processors, in a fork destination processor concerned with said parent thread executing processor, by making said child thread inherit at least a value of a register necessary for said child thread, of a register file of said parent thread, the method comprising: assuring Fork-Once limitation at a time of program execution by following steps of (a) starting the execution of said parent thread in said processor, with a forked bit provided in said processor reset; (b) at a time of every fork instruction within said parent thread, when said forked bit is reset, setting said fork active bit provided in said processor and storing said fork destination address into a register provided in said processor, while when said forked bit is set, making said fork instruction invalid; (c) resetting said fork active bit when said register file of said parent thread is updated; (d) when said fork active bit of said processor is set, if said fork destination processor concerned with said parent thread executing processor is free, forking said child thread starting from said fork destination address stored in said register of said processor to said fork destination processor, then setting said forked bit of said processor and resetting said fork active bit; and (e) finishing the processing of a thread in said processor in which said forked bit is set and a value of a program counter is coincident with said fork destination address stored in said register.

22. The multi-thread executing method as set forth in claim 21 comprising a step of finishing the processing of a thread in said processor, according to a term instruction corresponding to a fork instruction having forked an effective child thread, of the term instructions inserted just before said fork destination addresses within a parallel program correspondingly to said respective fork instructions, instead of said step of finishing the processing of a thread in said processor in which said forked bit is set and the value of said program counter is coincident with said fork destination address stored in said register.

23. A multi-thread executing method in a parallel processing system including a plurality of processors for fetching, decoding, and executing instructions of threads simultaneously according to a program counter, and provided with a function of starting the execution of a child thread starting from a fork destination address specified by a fork instruction within a parent thread executed by one of said processors, in a fork destination processor concerned with said parent thread executing processor, by making said child thread inherit at least a value of a register necessary for said child thread, of a register file of said parent thread, the method comprising: assuring Fork-Once limitation at a time of program execution by following steps of (a) starting the execution of said parent thread in said processor, with a forked bit provided in said processor reset; (b) at a time of every fork instruction within said parent thread, when said forked bit is reset, setting said fork active bit provided in said processor and storing said fork destination address into a register provided in said processor, while when said forked bit is set, making said fork instruction invalid; (c) resetting said fork active bit when a register to be inherited by said child thread, of said registers of said register file of said parent thread, is updated; (d) when said fork active bit is set, if said fork destination processor concerned with said parent thread executing processor is free, forking said child thread to said fork destination processor, then setting said forked bit and resetting said fork active bit; and (e) finishing the processing of a thread in said processor in which said forked bit is set and a value of a program counter is coincident with said fork destination address stored in said register.

24. The multi-thread executing method as set forth in claim 23, comprising a step of finishing the processing of a thread in said processor, according to a term instruction corresponding to a fork instruction having forked an effective child thread, of the term instructions inserted just before said fork destination addresses within a parallel program correspondingly to said respective fork instructions, instead of said step of finishing the processing of a thread in said processor in which said forked bit is set and said value of said program counter is coincident with said fork destination address stored in said register.

25. A multi-thread executing method in a parallel processing system including a plurality of processors for fetching, decoding, and executing instructions of threads simultaneously according to a program counter, and provided with a function of starting the execution of a child thread starting from a fork destination address specified by a fork instruction within a parent thread executed by one of said processors, in a fork destination processor concerned with said parent thread executing processor, by making said child thread inherit at least a value of a register necessary for said child thread, of a register file of said parent thread, the method comprising: assuring Fork-Once limitation at a time of program execution by following steps of (a) starting the execution of said parent thread in said processor, with a forked bit provided in said processor reset; (b) at a time of every fork instruction within said parent thread, when said forked bit is reset, if said fork destination processor concerned with said parent thread executing processor is free, immediately forking said child thread, while if said fork destination processor is not free, waiting said fork instruction until the same processor turns free, then forking said child thread, setting said forked bit, storing said fork destination address into a register provided in said processor, while when said forked bit is set, making said fork instruction invalid; (c) finishing the processing of a thread in said processor in which said forked bit is set and a value of a program counter is coincident with said fork destination address stored in said register.

26. The multi-thread executing method as set forth in claim 25, comprising a step of finishing the processing of a thread in said processor, according to a term instruction corresponding to a fork instruction having forked an effective child thread, of the term instructions inserted just before said fork destination addresses within a parallel program correspondingly to said respective fork instructions, instead of said step of finishing the processing of a thread in said processor in which said forked bit is set and the value of said program counter is coincident with said fork destination address stored in said register.

27. A multi-thread executing method in a parallel processing system including a plurality of processors for fetching, decoding, and executing instructions of threads simultaneously according to a program counter, and provided with a function of starting the execution of a child thread starting from a fork destination address specified by a fork instruction within a parent thread executed by one of said processors, in a fork destination processor concerned with said parent thread executing processor, by making said child thread inherit at least a value of a register necessary for said child thread, of a register file of said parent thread, the method comprising: assuring Fork-Once limitation at a time of program execution by following steps of (a) starting the execution of said parent thread in said processor, with a forked bit provided in said processor reset; (b) at a time of every fork instruction within said parent thread, when said forked bit is reset, if said fork destination processor concerned with said parent thread executing processor is free, immediately forking said child thread to a neighboring processor based on content of said register file and then setting said forked bit, while if said fork destination processor is busy, saving the content of said register file into a save buffer provided in said processor, and holding a fork of said child thread until said fork destination processor turns free, while when said forked bit is set, making said fork instruction invalid; (c) finishing the processing of a thread in said processor in which said forked bit is set and a value of a program counter is coincident with said fork destination address stored in said register.

28. The multi-thread executing method as set forth in claim 27, comprising a step of finishing the processing of a thread in said processor, according to a term instruction corresponding to a fork instruction having forked an effective child thread, of the term instructions inserted just before said fork destination addresses within a parallel program correspondingly to said respective fork instructions, instead of said step of finishing the processing of a thread in said processor in which said forked bit is set and the value of said program counter is coincident with said fork destination address stored in said register.

29. A parallel processing system of dividing a single program into a plurality of threads and executing said program by a plurality of processors in parallel, wherein each of said processors comprises means for assuring Fork-Once limitation at a time of program execution, by selecting one fork instruction for creating an effective child thread from a plurality of fork instructions existing within a parent thread, during execution of said parent thread; and means for finishing processing of a thread by executing an instruction up to an address just before a starting address of said effective child, when said processor has generated said effective child thread, wherein when there already exists a child thread generated from said parent thread for every fork instruction of said parent thread, said child thread is cancelled, and wherein when said first fork instruction has succeeded in forking a child thread, a processor having started execution of said parent thread makes invalid all said fork instructions other than said first fork instruction having succeeded in forking a child thread.

30. The parallel processing system as set forth in claim 29, wherein said processor finishes the processing of a thread according to a term instruction corresponding to a fork instruction having forked said effective child thread, of said term instructions inserted just before fork destination addresses within a parallel program correspondingly to said respective fork instructions.

31. The parallel processing system as set forth in claim 29, wherein said processor finishes the processing of a thread on condition that a value of a program counter is coincident with said starting address of said effective child thread.

32. The parallel processing system as set forth in claim 29, wherein after execution of said parent thread starts in one processor, when there exists no other processor capable of starting execution of a child thread at a time of a fork instruction, the execution of said fork instruction is waited until said other processor capable of starting the execution of said child thread appears.

33. The parallel processing system as set forth in claim 29, wherein after execution of said parent thread starts in one processor, when there exists no other processor capable of starting execution of a child thread, at a time of a fork instruction, content of a register file of said parent thread is saved and when said other processor capable of starting the execution of said child thread appears, a fork of said child thread is performed based on said saved information.

34. The parallel processing system as set forth in claim 29, wherein after execution of said parent thread starts in one processor, such a fork instruction is made invalid, that has no other processor capable of starting execution of a child thread at a time of every fork instruction.

35. The parallel processing system as set forth in claim 29, wherein after execution of said parent thread starts in one processor, such a fork instruction is made invalid, that has no other processor capable of starting execution of a child thread at a time of every fork instruction and before a register file of said parent thread is updated.

36. The parallel processing system as set forth in claim 29, wherein after execution of said parent thread starts in one processor, such a fork instruction is made invalid, that has no other processor capable of starting execution of a child thread at a time of every fork instruction and before a register to be inherited by a child thread, of said registers of a register file of said parent thread, is updated.
Description
BACKGROUNDS OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a program parallel executing method in a parallel processing system, and more particularly to a multi-thread executing method and a parallel processing system for dividing a single program into a plurality of threads and executing the above program in parallel by a plurality of processors.

2. Description of the Related Art

As a method of processing a single program in parallel by a parallel processing system, there is a multi-thread executing method of dividing a program into instruction flows called as threads and executing the above program by a plurality of processors in parallel. As the articles describing this method, there are Japanese Patent Publication Laid-Open No. 10-27108 (hereinafter, referred to as article 1), "Suggestion of On-Chip Multiprocessor-Oriented Multi-Stream Control Architecture MUSCAT" (pp. 229 236, papers of Joint Symposium on Parallel Processing JSPP97, Information Processing Society of Japan, May 1997) (hereinafter, referred to as article 2), Japanese Patent Publication Laid-Open No. 10-78880 (hereinafter, referred to as article 3). The conventional technique described in these articles will be described below.

In a general multi-thread executing method, to generate a new thread on another processor is said as "fork a thread", a thread on the side of performing the fork operation is called as a parent thread, a newly generated thread is called as a child thread, a position to fork a thread is called as a fork point, and a head position of a child thread is called as a fork destination address or a starting point of a child thread. In the articles 1 to 3, a fork instruction is inserted in a fork point in order to fork a thread. A fork destination address is specified in the fork instruction, a child thread starting from the fork destination address is generated in another processor by the execution of the fork instruction, and the execution of the child thread is started. Further, an instruction called as a term instruction for finishing the processing of a thread is prepared, and each processor finishes the processing of a thread by executing the term instruction.

FIG. 37 shows an outline of the processing of the conventional multi-thread executing method. FIG. 37(a) shows a single program divided into three threads A, B, and C. When a single processor processes the program, one processor PE sequentially processes the threads A, B, and C, as illustrated in FIG. 37(b). On the contrary, in the multi-thread executing method in the articles 1 to 3, one processor PE1 executes the thread A, and the thread B is generated in the other processor PE2 according to the fork instruction embedded in the thread A, while the processor PE1 is executing the thread A, and then the processor PE2 executes the thread B, as illustrated in FIG. 37(c). The processor PE2 generates the thread C in the processor PE3 according to the fork instruction embedded in the thread B. The processors PE1 and PE2 finish the processing of the threads according to the term instructions embedded just before the starting points of the respective threads B and C, and when the processor PE3
executes the last instruction of the thread C, it executes the next instruction (generally, a system call instruction). As mentioned above, simultaneous execution of threads in parallel by a plurality of processors can improve the performance, compared with the serial processing.

As the other conventional multi-thread executing method, as illustrated in FIG. 37(d), there is a multi-thread executing method in which the processor PE1 executing the thread A performs a plurality of times of fork, so to generate the thread B in the processor PE2 and the thread C in the processor PE3 respectively. Contrary to the model of FIG. 37(d), the multi-thread executing method, as illustrated in FIG. 37(c), which is restricted to only one generation of an effective child thread according to a thread during its existence, is called as a Fork-Once Parallel Execution model. The Fork-Once Parallel Execution model can simplify the thread management greatly and a thread controller can be realized by hardware on a realistic hardware scale. Since in the individual processors, the other processor of creating a child thread is restricted to one processor, a parallel processing system with the adjacent processors connected with each other in a single direction like a ring, enables multi-thread execution. The present invention is assumed to use this Fork-Once Parallel Execution model.

Here, when there is not a vacant processor that can generate a child thread at a time of a fork instruction, one of the following two methods is adopted hitherto.

(1) A processor executing a parent thread waits for the execution of a fork instruction until a vacant processor where a child thread can be generated appears.

(2) A processor executing a parent thread stores a fork destination address and the content of a register file at a fork point into a physical register on its backside and continues the following processing of the parent thread. The content of the fork destination address and the register file stored in the physical register on the back is referred when a vacant processor capable of creating a child thread appears, thereby creating the child thread.

In order to make a parent thread generate a child thread and make the child thread perform some predetermined processing, it is necessary to pass at least the values of a register required by the child thread, of the registers of the register file at a fork point of the parent thread, from the parent thread to the child thread. In order to reduce the cost of transferring data between the threads, the articles 2 and 3 are provided with a register-value inheritance mechanism at a time of thread generation by hardware. This means that all the content of the register file of the parent thread is copied into the child thread. After creating the child thread, the register values of the parent thread and the child thread vary independently, and the data transfer between the threads by using a register is not performed. As the other conventional technique about the data transfer between the threads, a parallel processing system provided with a mechanism for individually transferring the values of a register according to an instruction in every register is proposed.

Though the precedent threads whose execution has been decided are basically executed in parallel in the multi-thread executing method, there are many cases of failing to obtain enough executable threads in an actual program. There may be produced a probability that a desired performance cannot be obtained because the ratio of parallelism is cut down owing to dynamic decided dependencies and limit of complier analysis ability. Therefore, in the article 1, control speculation is introduced, thereby supporting the speculative execution of threads by hardware. In the control speculation, a thread having a high possibility of execution is executed in a speculative way before decision of execution. A speculating thread performs a temporary execution within a range capable of canceling the execution by hardware. Such a state that a child thread performs a temporary execution is called as a temporary executing state, and when a child thread is in a temporary execution state, it is said that a parent thread is in a thread temporary creating state. In a child thread in a temporary executing state, writing into a shared memory and a cache memory is restrained and writing into a temporary buffer separately provided is performed. When the rightness of the speculation is determined, a speculation success notice is issued from a parent thread to a child thread, and the child thread reflects the content of the temporary buffer on the shared memory and the cache memory, into a normal state with no use of the temporary buffer. The parent thread turns from a thread temporarily creating state into a thread creating state. On the other hand, when a failure in the speculation is determined, a thread abort instruction (abort) is executed in a parent thread, and the execution of the child thread and the later is cancelled. The parent thread turns from a thread temporarily creating state to a thread non-generated state, thereby to be able to generate a child thread again. Namely, the Fork-Once Parallel Execution model limits a thread to generate at most one thread, if performing the control speculation and failing in the speculation, a fork becomes possible again. Also in this case, the effective child thread is at most one.

In the MUSCAT described in the article 2, many exclusive instructions for flexibly controlling the parallel operation of threads, such as a sync instruction between threads, are prepared.

In order to realize the multi-thread execution of the Fork-Once Parallel Execution model in which a thread generates at most one effective child thread during its existence, as described in the article 2, all the threads are restricted to be the instruction codes of respectively executing a valid fork only once, in a compile stage of creating a parallel program from a serial processing program. In short, the Fork-Once limitation is statically assured on the parallel program.

However, it is difficult for a complier to keep the above limitation of Fork-Once Parallel Execution, because of the problems such as divided compile and a function call. In the conventional multi-thread executing method and parallel processing system, a parallel program which fails to keep the above limitation cannot run properly. For example, in a program including a main function and a func function as illustrated in FIG. 38 and FIG. 39, if a fork instruction is inserted both in the main function and the func function as illustrated in FIG. 38, the above limitation of Fork-Once Parallel Execution is being kept when a control flow branching from a block a to a block b is executed. However, when a control flow branching from the block a to a block c is executed, a fork is twice performed from the same thread and therefore, the limitation of Fork-Once Parallel Execution is not assured, thereby disturbing the normal run of the program. Therefore, it has been necessary to assure the Fork-Once limitation by inserting a fork instruction into only one of the main function and the func function, in a compile stage. FIG. 39 shows an example of a parallel program in which the fork instruction is inserted only in the func function and the precedent execution of the block d at a time of the block a in the main function is abandoned.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is proposed in consideration of the above situation, and an object of the present invention is to provide a new multi-thread executing method and a parallel processing system capable of performing a multi-thread execution by the Fork-Once Parallel Execution model even in a parallel program without full assurance of the Fork-Once limitation.

According to the first aspect of the invention, a multi-thread executing method of dividing a single program into a plurality of threads and executing the program by a plurality of processors in parallel, comprising the following steps in which:

each of the processors assures Fork-Once limitation at a time of program execution, by selecting one fork instruction for creating an effective child thread from a plurality of fork instructions existing within a parent thread, during execution of the parent thread; and

the processor having generated an effective child thread finishes processing of a thread by executing an instruction up to an address just before a starting address of the effective child thread.

In the preferred construction, the multi-thread executing method may comprise a step of canceling the child thread when there already exists a child thread generated from the parent thread for every fork instruction of the parent thread.

In another preferred construction, the multi-thread executing method may comprise a step of making invalid all the fork instructions other than the first fork instruction having succeeded in forking a child thread, in a processor having started execution of the parent thread.

In another preferred construction, the multi-thread executing method may comprise a step of finishing the processing of a thread in the processor, according to a term instruction corresponding to a fork instruction having forked the effective child thread, of the term instructions inserted just before fork destination addresses within a parallel program correspondingly to the respective fork instructions.

In another preferred construction, the multi-thread executing method may comprise a step of finishing the processing of a thread in the processor, on condition that a value of a program counter is coincident with the starting address of the effective child thread.

In another preferred construction, the multi-thread executing method may comprise a step of waiting the execution of the fork instruction until the other processor capable of starting the execution of the child thread appears after execution of the parent thread starts in one processor when there exists no other processor capable of starting execution of a child thread at a time of a fork instruction.

In another preferred construction, the multi-thread executing method may comprise a step of, after execution of the parent thread starts in one processor, when there exists no other processor capable of starting execution of a child thread at a time of a fork instruction, saving content of a register file of the parent thread and performing a fork of a child thread based on the above saved information if the other processor capable of starting the execution of the child thread appears.

In another preferred construction, the multi-thread executing method may comprise a step of making such a fork instruction invalid that has no other processor capable of starting execution of a child thread at a time of every fork instruction, after execution of the parent thread starts in one processor.

In another preferred construction, the multi-thread executing method may comprise a step of making such a fork instruction invalid that has no other processor capable of starting execution of a child thread at a time of every fork instruction and before a register file of the parent thread is updated, after execution of the parent thread starts in one processor.

In another preferred construction, the multi-thread executing method may comprise a step of making such a fork instruction invalid that has no other processor capable of starting execution of a child thread at a time of every fork instruction and before a register to be inherited by a child thread, of the registers of a register file of the parent thread, is updated, after execution of the parent thread starts in one processor.

According to the second aspect of the invention, a multi-thread executing method in a parallel processing system which has a plurality of processors for fetching, decoding, and executing instructions of threads simultaneously according to a program counter, each of the processor having a temporary buffer capable of canceling execution of a thread, and which is provided with a function of starting the execution of a child thread starting from a fork destination address specified by a fork instruction within a parent thread executed by one of the processors, in a fork destination processor concerned with the parent thread executing processor, by making the child thread inherit at least a value of a register necessary for the child thread, of a register file of the parent thread, the method comprising the following steps of:

(a) starting the execution of the parent thread in the processor, with a forked bit provided in the processor reset;

(b) storing the fork destination address into a register provided in the processor at a time of every fork instruction in the parent thread; when the forked bit is reset, forking the child thread to the fork destination processor and then setting the forked bit if the fork destination processor in the processor is free; while making the fork instruction invalid if the fork destination processor is busy; when the forked bit is set, canceling the thread execution of the fork destination processor and forking the child thread to the fork destination processor; and

(c) finishing the processing of a thread in the processor in which the forked bit is set and a value of a program counter is coincident with the fork destination address stored in the register.

In the preferred construction, the multi-thread executing method may comprise a step of finishing the processing of a thread in the processor, according to a term instruction corresponding to a fork instruction having forked an effective child thread, of the term instructions inserted just before the fork destination addresses within a parallel program correspondingly to the respective fork instructions, instead of the above step of finishing the processing of a thread in the processor in which the forked bit is set and the value of the program counter is coincident with the fork destination address stored in the register.

According to the third aspect of the invention, a multi-thread executing method in a parallel processing system which has a plurality of processors for fetching, decoding, and executing instructions of threads simultaneously according to a program counter, each of the processor having a temporary buffer capable of canceling execution of a thread, and which is provided with a function of starting the execution of a child thread starting from a fork destination address specified by a fork instruction within a parent thread executed by one of the processors, in a fork destination processor concerned with the parent thread executing processor, by making the child thread inherit at least a value of a register necessary for the child thread, of a register file of the parent thread, the method comprising the following steps of:

(a) starting the execution of the parent thread in the processor, with a forked bit and a fork active bit provided in the processor reset;

(b) storing the fork destination address into a register provided in the processor at a time of every fork instruction within the parent thread and setting the fork active bit;

(c) resetting the fork active bit when the register file of the parent thread is updated;

(d) when the fork active bit of the processor is set and the forked bit is reset, forking the child thread to the fork destination processor if the fork destination processor turns free, then setting the forked bit and resetting the fork active bit, while when the forked bit is set, canceling the thread execution of the fork destination processor, so to fork the child thread to the fork destination processor;

(e) finishing the processing of a thread in the processor in which the forked bit is set and a value of a program counter is coincident with the fork destination address stored in the register.

In the preferred construction, the multi-thread executing method may comprise a step of finishing the processing of a thread in the processor, according to a term instruction corresponding to a fork instruction having forked an effective child thread, of the term instructions inserted just before the fork destination addresses within a parallel program correspondingly to the respective fork instructions, instead of the above step of finishing the processing of a thread in the processor in which the forked bit is set and the value of the program counter is coincident with the fork destination address stored in the register.

According to another aspect of the invention, a multi-thread executing method in a parallel processing system which has a plurality of processors for fetching, decoding, and executing instructions of threads simultaneously according to a program counter, each of the processor having a temporary buffer capable of canceling execution of a thread, and which is provided with a function of starting the execution of a child thread starting from a fork destination address specified by a fork instruction within a parent thread executed by one of the processors, in a fork destination processor concerned with the parent thread executing processor, by making the child thread inherit at least a value of a register necessary for the child thread, of a register file of the parent thread, the method comprising the following steps of:

(a) starting the execution of the parent thread in the processor, with a forked bit and a fork active bit provided in the processor reset;

(b) storing the fork destination address into a register provided in the processor at a time of every fork instruction within the parent thread and setting the fork active bit;

(c) resetting the fork active bit when a register to be inherited by the child thread, of the registers within the register file of the parent thread, is updated;

(d) when the fork active bit of the processor is set and the forked bit is reset, forking the child thread to the fork destination processor if the fork destination processor turns free, then setting the forked bit and resetting the fork active bit, while when the forked bit is set, canceling the thread execution of the fork destination processor, so to fork the child thread to the fork destination processor;

(e) finishing the processing of a thread in the processor in which the forked bit is set and a value of a program counter is coincident with the fork destination address stored in the register.

In the preferred construction, the multi-thread executing method may comprise a step of finishing the processing of a thread in the processor, according to a term instruction corresponding to a fork instruction having forked an effective child thread, of the term instructions inserted just before the fork destination addresses within a parallel program correspondingly to the respective fork instructions, instead of the above step of finishing the processing of a thread in the processor in which the forked bit is set and the value of the program counter is coincident with the fork destination address stored in the register.

According to another aspect of the invention, a multi-thread executing method in a parallel processing system which has a plurality of processors for fetching, decoding, and executing instructions of threads simultaneously according to a program counter, each of the processor having a temporary buffer capable of canceling execution of a thread, and which is provided with a function of starting the execution of a child thread starting from a fork destination address specified by a fork instruction within a parent thread executed by one of the processors, in a fork destination processor concerned with the parent thread executing processor, by making the child thread inherit at least a value of a register necessary for the child thread, of a register file of the parent thread, the method comprising the following steps of:

(a) starting the execution of the parent thread in the processor, with a forked bit provided in the processor reset;

(b) storing the fork destination address into a register provided in the processor at a time of every fork instruction within the parent thread; when the forked bit is reset, if the fork destination processor of the processor is free, immediately forking the child thread to the fork destination processor; while if the above processor is not free, waiting the fork instruction until the above processor turns free, then forking the child thread to the fork destination processor, and setting the forked bit; when the forked bit is set, canceling the thread execution of the fork destination processor so to fork the child thread to the fork destination processor; and

(c) finishing the processing of a thread in the processor in which the forked bit is set and a value of a program counter is coincident with the fork destination address stored in the register.

In the preferred construction, the multi-thread executing method may comprise a step of finishing the processing of a thread in the processor, according to a term instruction corresponding to a fork instruction having forked an effective child thread, of the term instructions inserted just before the fork destination addresses within a parallel program correspondingly to the respective fork instructions, instead of the above step of finishing the processing of a thread in the processor in which the forked bit is set and the value of the program counter is coincident with the fork destination address stored in the register.

According to another aspect of the invention, a multi-thread executing method in a parallel processing system which has a plurality of processors for fetching, decoding, and executing instructions of threads simultaneously according to a program counter, each of the processor having a temporary buffer capable of canceling execution of a thread, and which is provided with a function of starting the execution of a child thread starting from a fork destination address specified by a fork instruction within a parent thread executed by one of the processors, in a fork destination processor concerned with the parent thread executing processor, by making the child thread inherit at least a value of a register necessary for the child thread, of a register file of the parent thread, the method comprising the following steps of:

(a) starting the execution of the parent thread in the processor, with a forked bit provided in the processor reset;

(b) storing the fork destination address into a register provided in the processor at a time of every fork instruction within the parent thread, when the forked bit is reset, if the fork destination processor of the processor is free, immediately forking the child thread to the fork destination processor based on content of the register file and setting the forked bit; while if the fork destination processor of the processor is busy, saving the content of the register file into a save buffer provided in the processor and holding a fork of the child thread until the fork destination processor turns free; when the forked bit is set, canceling the thread execution of the fork destination processor so to fork the child thread to the fork destination processor; and

(c) finishing the processing of a thread in the processor in which the forked bit is set and a value of a program counter is coincident with the fork destination address stored in the register.

In the preferred construction, the multi-thread executing method may comprise a step of finishing the processing of a thread in the processor, according to a term instruction corresponding to a fork instruction having forked an effective child thread, of the term instructions inserted just before the fork destination addresses within a parallel program correspondingly to the respective fork instructions, instead of the above step of finishing the processing of a thread in the processor in which the forked bit is set and the value of the program counter is coincident with the fork destination address stored in the register.

According to another aspect of the invention, a multi-thread executing method in a parallel processing system including a plurality of processors for fetching, decoding, and executing instructions of threads simultaneously according to a program counter, and provided with a function of starting the execution of a child thread starting from a fork destination address specified by a fork instruction within a parent thread executed by one of the processors, in a fork destination processor concerned with the parent thread executing processor, by making the child thread inherit at least a value of a register necessary for the child thread, of a register file of the parent thread, the method comprising the following steps of:

(a) starting the execution of the parent thread in the processor, with a forked bit provided in the processor reset;

(b) at a time of every fork instruction within the parent thread, when the forked bit is reset, if the fork destination processor concerned with the parent thread executing processor is free, forking the child thread, then setting the forked bit, and storing the fork destination address into a register provided in the processor; while if the fork destination processor is busy, making the fork instruction invalid; and when the forked bit is set, making the fork instruction invalid; and

(c) finishing the processing of a thread in the processor in which the forked bit is set and a value of a program counter is coincident with the fork destination address stored in the register.

In the preferred construction, the multi-thread executing method may comprise a step of finishing the processing of a thread in the processor, according to a term instruction corresponding to a fork instruction having forked an effective child thread, of the term instructions inserted just before the fork destination addresses within a parallel program correspondingly to the respective fork instructions, instead of the above step of finishing the processing of a thread in the processor in which the forked bit is set and the value of the program counter is coincident with the fork destination address stored in the register.

According to another aspect of the invention, a multi-thread executing method in a parallel processing system including a plurality of processors for fetching, decoding, and executing instructions of threads simultaneously according to a program counter, and provided with a function of starting the execution of a child thread starting from a fork destination address specified by a fork instruction within a parent thread executed by one of the processors, in a fork destination processor concerned with the parent thread executing processor, by making the child thread inherit at least a value of a register necessary for the child thread, of a register file of the parent thread, the method comprising the following steps of:

(a) starting the execution of the parent thread in the processor, with a forked bit provided in the processor reset;

(b) at a time of every fork instruction within the parent thread, when the forked bit is reset, setting the fork active bit provided in the processor and storing the fork destination address into a register provided in the processor, while when the forked bit is set, making the fork instruction invalid;

(c) resetting the fork active bit when the register file of the parent thread is updated;

(d) when the fork active bit of the processor is set, if the fork destination processor concerned with the parent thread executing processor is free, forking the child thread starting from the fork destination address stored in the register of the processor to the fork destination processor, then setting the forked bit of the processor and resetting the fork active bit; and

(e) finishing the processing of a thread in the processor in which the forked bit is set and a value of a program counter is coincident with the fork destination address stored in the register.

In the preferred construction, the multi-thread executing method may comprise a step of finishing the processing of a thread in the processor, according to a term instruction corresponding to a fork instruction having forked an effective child thread, of the term instructions inserted just before the fork destination addresses within a parallel program correspondingly to the respective fork instructions, instead of the above step of finishing the processing of a thread in the processor in which the forked bit is set and the value of the program counter is coincident with the fork destination address stored in the register.

According to another aspect of the invention, a multi-thread executing method in a parallel processing system including a plurality of processors for fetching, decoding, and executing instructions of threads simultaneously according to a program counter, and provided with a function of starting the execution of a child thread starting from a fork destination address specified by a fork instruction within a parent thread executed by one of the processors, in a fork destination processor concerned with the parent thread executing processor, by making the child thread inherit at least a value of a register necessary for the child thread, of a register file of the parent thread, the method comprising the following steps of:

(a) starting the execution of the parent thread in the processor, with a forked bit provided in the processor reset;

(b) at a time of every fork instruction within the parent thread, when the forked bit is reset, setting the fork active bit provided in the processor and storing the fork destination address into a register provided in the processor, while when the forked bit is set, making the fork instruction invalid;

(c) resetting the fork active bit when a register to be inherited by the child thread, of the registers of the register file of the parent thread, is updated;

(d) when the fork active bit is set, if the fork destination processor concerned with the parent thread executing processor is free, forking the child thread to the fork destination processor, then setting the forked bit and resetting the fork active bit; and

(e) finishing the processing of a thread in the processor in which the forked bit is set and a value of a program counter is coincident with the fork destination address stored in the register.

In the preferred construction, the multi-thread executing method may comprise a step of finishing the processing of a thread in the processor, according to a term instruction corresponding to a fork instruction having forked an effective child thread, of the term instructions inserted just before the fork destination addresses within a parallel program correspondingly to the respective fork instructions, instead of the above step of finishing the processing of a thread in the processor in which the forked bit is set and the value of the program counter is coincident with the fork destination address stored in the register.

According to another aspect of the invention, a multi-thread executing method in a parallel processing system including a plurality of processors for fetching, decoding, and executing instructions of threads simultaneously according to a program counter, and provided with a function of starting the execution of a child thread starting from a fork destination address specified by a fork instruction within a parent thread executed by one of the processors, in a fork destination processor concerned with the parent thread executing processor, by making the child thread inherit at least a value of a register necessary for the child thread, of a register file of the parent thread, the method comprising the following steps of:

(a) starting the execution of the parent thread in the processor, with a forked bit provided in the processor reset;

(b) at a time of every fork instruction within the parent thread, when the forked bit is reset, if the fork destination processor concerned with the parent thread executing processor is free, immediately forking the child thread, while if the fork destination processor is not free, waiting the fork instruction until the same processor turns free, then forking the child thread, setting the forked bit, storing the fork destination address into a register provided in the processor, while when the forked bit is set, making the fork instruction invalid;

(c) finishing the processing of a thread in the processor in which the forked bit is set and a value of a program counter is coincident with the fork destination address stored in the register.

In the preferred construction, the multi-thread executing method may comprise a step of finishing the processing of a thread in the processor, according to a term instruction corresponding to a fork instruction having forked an effective child thread, of the term instructions inserted just before the fork destination addresses within a parallel program correspondingly to the respective fork instructions, instead of the above step of finishing the processing of a thread in the processor in which the forked bit is set and the value of the program counter is coincident with the fork destination address stored in the register.

According to another aspect of the invention, a multi-thread executing method in a parallel processing system including a plurality of processors for fetching, decoding, and executing instructions of threads simultaneously according to a program counter, and provided with a function of starting the execution of a child thread starting from a fork destination address specified by a fork instruction within a parent thread executed by one of the processors, in a fork destination processor concerned with the parent thread executing processor, by making the child thread inherit at least a value of a register necessary for the child thread, of a register file of the parent thread, the method comprising the following steps of:

(a) starting the execution of the parent thread in the processor, with a forked bit provided in the processor reset;

(b) at a time of every fork instruction within the parent thread, when the forked bit is reset, if the fork destination processor concerned with the parent thread executing processor is free, immediately forking the child thread to a neighboring processor based on content of the register file and then setting the forked bit, while if the fork destination processor is busy, saving the content of the register file into a save buffer provided in the processor, and holding a fork of the child thread until the fork destination processor turns free, while when the forked bit is set, making the fork instruction invalid;

(c) finishing the processing of a thread in the processor in which the forked bit is set and a value of a program counter is coincident with the fork destination address stored in the register.

In the preferred construction, the multi-thread executing method may comprise a step of finishing the processing of a thread in the processor, according to a term instruction corresponding to a fork instruction having forked an effective child thread, of the term instructions inserted just before the fork destination addresses within a parallel program correspondingly to the respective fork instructions, instead of the above step of finishing the processing of a thread in the processor in which the forked bit is set and the value of the program counter is coincident with the fork destination address stored in the register.

According to a further aspect of the invention, a parallel processing system of dividing a single program into a plurality of threads and executing the program by a plurality of processors in parallel, wherein

each of the processors comprises

means of assuring Fork-Once limitation at a time of program execution, by selecting one fork instruction for creating an effective child thread from a plurality of fork instructions existing within a parent thread, during execution of the parent thread; and

means of finishing processing of a thread by executing an instruction up to an address just before a starting address of the effective child, especially in a case of the processor having generated the effective child thread.

In the preferred construction, when there already exists a child thread generated from the parent thread for every fork instruction of the parent thread, the child thread is cancelled.

In another preferred construction, a processor having started execution of the parent thread makes invalid all the fork instructions other than the first fork instruction having succeeded in forking a child thread.

In another preferred construction, the processor finishes the processing of a thread according to a term instruction corresponding to a fork instruction having forked the effective child thread, of the term instructions inserted just before fork destination addresses within a parallel program correspondingly to the respective fork instructions.

In another preferred construction, the processor finishes the processing of a thread on condition that a value of a program counter is coincident with the starting address of the effective child thread.

In another preferred construction, after execution of the parent thread starts in one processor, when there exists no other processor capable of starting execution of a child thread at a time of a fork instruction, the execution of the fork instruction is waited until the other processor capable of starting the execution of the child thread appears.

In another preferred construction, after execution of the parent thread starts in one processor, when there exists no other processor capable of starting execution of a child thread at a time of a fork instruction, content of a register file of the parent thread is saved and when the other processor capable of starting the execution of the child thread appears, a fork of the child thread is performed based on the above saved information.

In another preferred construction, after execution of the parent thread starts in one processor, such a fork instruction is made invalid, that has no other processor capable of starting execution of a child thread at a time of every fork instruction.

In the above-mentioned construction, after execution of the parent thread starts in one processor, such a fork instruction is made invalid, that has no other processor capable of starting execution of a child thread at a time of every fork instruction and before a register file of the parent thread is updated.

In the above-mentioned construction, after execution of the parent thread starts in one processor, such a fork instruction is made invalid, that has no other processor capable of starting execution of a child thread at a time of every fork instruction and before a register to be inherited by a child thread, of the registers of a register file of the parent thread, is updated.

Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become clear from the detailed description given herebelow.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention will be understood more fully from the detailed description given herebelow and from the accompanying drawings of the preferred embodiment of the invention, which, however, should not be taken to be limitative to the invention, but are for explanation and understanding only.

In the drawings:

FIGS. 1(a) 1(g) are views for use in describing a function of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an example of a parallel processing system of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an example of the structure of a thread controller in the parallel processing system of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing the processing example when a thread control sequencer of the thread controller in the parallel processing system of the present invention receives a fork request from a processor;

FIG. 5 is a flow chart showing the processing example when the thread control sequencer of the thread controller in the parallel processing system of the present invention receives a thread finishing notice from a processor;

FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing an example of the structure of a processor in the parallel processing system according to a first embodiment of a first invention in the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a flow chart showing an example of the processing of a processor from start to finish of a thread in the parallel processing system according to the first embodiment of the first invention in the present invention;

FIGS. 8(a) (d) are views showing an example of an execution sequence of a multi-thread executing method according to the first embodiment of the first invention in the present invention;

FIGS. 9(a) 9(c) are views showing another example of the execution sequence of a multi-thread executing method according to the first embodiment of the first invention in the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing an example of the structure of a compiler for creating a parallel program for the multi-thread executing method of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing an example of the structure of a processor in a parallel processing system according to a second embodiment of the first invention in the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a flow chart showing an example of the processing of the processor from start to finish of a thread in the parallel processing system according to the second embodiment of the first invention in the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a view showing an example of an execution sequence of the multi-thread executing method according to the second embodiment of the first invention in the present invention;

FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing an example of the structure of a processor in a parallel processing system according to a third embodiment of the first invention in the present invention;

FIG. 15 is a flow chart showing an example of the processing of a processor from start to finish of a thread in a parallel processing system according to a third embodiment of the first invention in the present invention;

FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing an example of the structure of a processor in a parallel processing system according to a fourth embodiment of the first invention in the present invention;

FIG. 17 is a flow chart showing an example of the processing of the processor from start to finish of a thread in the parallel processing system according to the fourth embodiment of the first invention in the present invention;

FIG. 18 is a block diagram showing an example of the structure of a processor in a parallel processing system in a fifth embodiment of the first invention in the present invention;

FIG. 19 is a flow chart showing an example of the processing of the processor from start to finish of a thread in the parallel processing system according to the fifth embodiment of the first invention in the present invention;

FIG. 20 is a block diagram showing an example of the structure of a processor in a parallel processing system according to a sixth embodiment of the first invention in the present invention;

FIG. 21 is a flow chart showing an example of the processing of the processor from start to finish of a thread in the parallel processing system according to the sixth embodiment of the first invention in the present invention;

FIG. 22 is a flow chart showing another embodiment when the thread control sequencer of the thread controller in the parallel processing system of the present invention receives a fork request from a processor;

FIG. 23 is a block diagram showing an example of the structure of a processor in a parallel processing system according to a first embodiment of a second invention in the present invention;

FIG. 24 is a flow chart showing an example of the processing of the processor from start to finish of a thread in the parallel processing system according to the first embodiment of the second invention in the present invention;

FIGS. 25(a) 25(e) are views showing an example of an execution sequence of a multi-thread executing method according to the first embodiment of the second invention in the present invention;

FIG. 26 is a block diagram showing an example of the structure of a processor in a parallel processing system according to a second embodiment of the second invention in the present invention;

FIG. 27 is a flow chart showing an example of the processing of the processor from start to finish of a thread in the parallel processing system according to the second embodiment of the second invention in the present invention;

FIG. 28 is a view showing an example of an execution sequence of a multi-thread executing method according to the second embodiment of the second invention in the present invention;

FIG. 29 is a block diagram showing an example of the structure of a processor in a parallel processing system according to a third embodiment of the second invention in the present invention;

FIG. 30 is a flow chart showing an example of the processing of the processor from start to finish of a thread in the parallel processing system according to the third embodiment of the second invention in the present invention;

FIG. 31 is a block diagram showing an example of the structure of a processor in a parallel processing system according to a fourth embodiment of the second invention in the present invention;

FIG. 32 is a flow chart showing an example of the processing of the processor from start to finish of a thread in the parallel processing system according to the fourth embodiment of the second invention in the present invention;

FIG. 33 is a block diagram showing an example of the structure of a processor in a parallel processing system according to a fifth embodiment of the second invention in the present invention;

FIG. 34 is a flow chart showing an example of the processing of a processor from start to finish of a thread in the parallel processing system according to the fifth embodiment of the second invention in the present invention;

FIG. 35 is a block diagram showing an example of the structure of a processor in a parallel processing system according to a sixth embodiment of the second invention;

FIG. 36 is a flow chart showing an example of the processing of a processor from start to finish of a thread in the parallel processing system according to the sixth embodiment of the second invention in the present invention;

FIGS. 37(a) 37(d) are views showing an outline of the processing of the conventional multi-thread executing method;

FIG. 38 is a view showing an example of a conventional program including the main function and the func function; and

FIG. 39 is a view showing an example of a conventional program including the main function and the func function.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

The preferred embodiment of the present invention will be discussed hereinafter in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be obvious, however, to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instance, well-known structures are not shown in detail in order to unnecessary obscure the present invention.

In the present invention, when there already exists a child thread generated from a parent thread for every fork instruction of the parent thread, each processor cancels the child thread, and a processor starting execution of the parent thread makes invalid all the fork instructions other than the fork instruction first having succeeded in forking a child thread. Then, a fork instruction for creating an effective child thread is selected from a plurality of fork instructions existing within the parent thread during execution of the parent thread. Therefore, even a parallel program without assurance of the Fork-Once limitation can assure the Fork-Once limitation at a run time of the program. Then, the processor having generated the effective child thread finishes the processing of a thread by having finished the execution of the instructions just before the start address of the effective child thread. Thus, the processing of a program can be performed without any problem.

This time, a function of the present invention will be described based on an example of a program simplified for its easy understanding. FIG. 1(a) shows an example of a serial processing program, and FIG. 1(b) shows an example of a parallel program generated from this serial processing program. Within the parallel program of this example, fork thi shows a fork instruction instructing a fork of the instruction of the address thi and the later as a child thread, and term thi shows a term instruction corresponding to fork thi. The parallel program of FIG. 1(b) is described as doing a plurality of forks from one thread, and the Fork-Once limitation is not assured.

FIG. 1(c) shows a sequence of running the parallel program of FIG. 1(b) according to the first invention. The processor PE1 forks a child thread in the processor PE2 according to the fork instruction fork th1 and the processor PE2 starts the execution of the child thread according to the instruction 3. The processor PE1 continues to execute the instruction 0, and since the fork instruction fork th2 appears again, the processor PE1 forks a child thread in the processor PE2. At this time, the currently executing thread on the processor PE2 is canceled, and the processor PE2 starts the execution of a new child thread from the instruction 2. The processor PE1 continues to execute the instruction 1, and since the next instruction is the term instruction term th2 corresponding to the fork instruction fork th2 which has forked the effective child thread, it finishes the processing of the thread.

On the other hand, since the processor PE2 doesn't fork an effective child thread from the currently executing thread yet, it makes invalid the term instruction term th1 next to the instruction 2 and advances the execution of the instruction 3
and the instruction 4. Since the effective thread is forked only once from the thread executed by the processor PE1, the Fork-Once limitation is assured at a program run time. Finally, the instruction 0 and the instruction 1 are executed by the processor PE1 in this order and the instruction 2, the instruction 3, and the instruction 4 are respectively executed by the processor PE2 in this order. Therefore, the processing of the program can be executed without any problem.

FIG. 1(d) shows a sequence of running the parallel program of FIG. 1(b) according to a second invention. The processor PE1 forks a child thread in the processor PE2 according to the fork instruction fork th1, and the processor PE2 starts the execution of the thread from the instruction 3. The processor PE1 continues to execute the instruction 0, and although the fork instruction fork th2 appears again, the processor PE1 makes the same instruction invalid since the child thread has been already forked once, and executes the next instruction 1.

Further, the processor PE1 makes the term instruction term th2 invalid, because it is not a term instruction corresponding to the fork instruction fork th1 which has forked the effective child thread, continues to execute the instruction 2, and finishes the processing of the thread at a time of executing the term instruction term th1 corresponding to the fork instruction fork th1 which has forked the effective child thread.

Since one effective thread at most is forked from the thread executed by the processor PE1, the Fork-Once limitation is assured at a program run time. Finally, the instruction 0, the instruction 1, and the instruction 2 are executed by the processor PE1 in this order, and the instruction 3 and the instruction 4 are respectively executed by the processor PE2 in this order. Therefore, the processing of the program can be performed without any problem.

FIG. 1(e) shows the parallel program resulting from excluding a term instruction from the parallel program of FIG. 1(b), FIG. 1(f) shows a sequence of running the parallel program of FIG. 1(e) according to the first invention, and FIG. 1(g) shows a sequence of running the parallel program of FIG. 1(e) according to the second invention. In the case of no use of a term instruction, each processor finishes the processing of a thread when the value of its program counter is coincident with the start address of the effective child thread.

In FIG. 1(f), the effective child thread is a thread forked according to the fork instruction fork th2, and since the start address is the instruction 2, the processor PE1 finishes the execution when the value of the program counter is coincident with the address of the instruction 2. In FIG. 1(g), the effective child thread is a thread forked according to the fork instruction fork th1, and since the start address is the instruction 3, the processor PE1 finishes the execution when the value of the program counter is coincident with the address of the instruction 3.

Although the function of the present invention has been described by using an example of a program with deeply nested forks in FIG. 1, the present invention can assure the Fork-Once limitation also even in a program without nested forks at its execution time and properly perform the processing of a program without any problem.

In the present invention, it is enough to perform the register-value inheritance from a parent thread to a child thread at a fork time, at least, only about a register necessary for the child thread, of the register file of the parent thread at a fork instruction time. As the concrete register-value inheritance mechanism, it may be that one of copying all the contents of the register file of the parent thread into a register file of the child thread at a thread generation time, as described in the article 2 and the article 3, or that one of individually transferring only the values of a necessary register by the unit of register according to an instruction, in order to reduce the transfer amount of the register.

(First Embodiment of the First Invention)

Referring to FIG. 2, an example of the parallel processing system of the present invention is a four-thread parallel executable processor, four processors 1-i (i=0 to 3) are connected to a thread controller 3 through signal lines 2-i, and they are also connected to a shared memory 5 through signal lines 4-i. The processors 1-i are respectively connected with each other through a communication bus 6-i. In this example, although the four-thread parallel executable processor is taken as an example, the present invention is generally applicable to n(.gtoreq.2)-thread parallel executable processor, such as 8-thread and 16-thread parallel executable processors. All the processors 1-i, the memory 5, and the thread controller 3 operate in synchronous with a clock. Preferably, all the processors 1-i are integrated on one semiconductor chip together with the memory 5 and the thread controller 3.

Each processor 1-i has a program counter (hereinafter, referred to as PC) and a register file individually, and it is provided with a function of fetching, interpreting, and executing thread instructions within the memory 5. Each processor 1-i has a temporary buffer so as to cancel the thread execution. Each processor 1-i starts the execution of a thread using the temporary buffer in a temporary execution state when receiving a thread starting request 7c accompanied by a target PC value from the thread controller 3 through each signal line 2-i. At this point, the corresponding processor 1-i is managed as being in a busy state. The processor 1-i finishing the execution of a thread sends a thread finishing notice 7d to the thread controller 3
through the corresponding signal line 2-i. When this thread finishing notice 7d is accepted by the thread controller 3, the corresponding processor 1-i is managed as free and a thread finish permission 7e is returned to the corresponding processor 1-i. When receiving the thread finish permission 7e, the processor 1-i releases the temporary execution, reflects the content of the temporary buffer on the shared memory 5 and a cache memory not illustrated, and finishes the execution of the thread.

Each processor 1-i can fork a child thread in one neighboring processor 1-j (i.noteq.j) according to a fork instruction included in the currently executing parent thread. In this embodiment, as described in the articles 1 to 3, the processor in which the processor 1-i can fork a child thread is restricted to one neighboring processor of the processor 1-i for the sake of convenience in thread management (the processor 1-0 can fork it in the processor 1-1; the processor 1-1, in the processor 1-2; the processor 1-2, in the processor 1-3; and the processor 1-3, in the processor 1-0). This model is referred to as a ring fork model.

When forking a child thread, each processor 1-i sends a fork request 7a accompanied by the fork destination address (start PC value) of a child thread and a signal indicating whether it has already generated a child thread or not (a child thread-generated signal), to the thread controller 3 through the corresponding signal line 2-i. Upon receipt of the fork request 7a, the thread controller 3 determines whether the fork toward the other neighboring processor 1-j is possible or not, based on the state of the neighboring processor and the child thread-generated signal accompanying the fork request 7a; if it is possible, the thread controller 3 sends the thread starting request 7c accompanied by the fork destination address to the above processor 1-j, while it returns a fork reply 7b to the processor 1-i of the fork request source. At this point, it is considered that a fork has been really performed, and the processor 1-i receiving the fork reply 7b performs the register-value inheritance, by copying all the contents of the register file of the parent thread or only the values of a register necessary for the child thread, into a register file of the processor 1-j of the fork destination, through the communication bus 6.

On the other hand, the thread controller 3 abandons this fork request 7a if a fork to the neighboring processor 1-j is impossible at a fork request time from the processor 1-i. Thus, the fork instruction is made invalid.

With reference to FIG. 3, one example of the thread controller 3 comprises a thread control sequencer 11 and a processor-state table 12. The processor-state table 12 has state entries 13-i and the oldest parent bits 14-i in one-to-one correspondence with the processors 1-i. The respective state entries 13-i are used to record the states of the respective processors 1-i, busy or free. The value 1 is set in the oldest parent bit 14-i when the thread being executed by the corresponding processor 1-i is the thread of the oldest parent of all the threads being executed by all the processors, and otherwise, the value 0 is set there. At a starting point of the parallel program, the value 1 is initially set only in the oldest parent bit corresponding to the processor executing the first thread, and thereafter, the oldest parent bit 14-i is properly updated depending on the finish and generation of a thread of the program. The thread control sequencer 11 controls thread generation and thread finish in the respective processors 1-i by using the processor-state table 12. An example of the processing of the thread control sequencer 11 when receiving a fork request 7a and a thread finishing notice 7d from the processor 1-i will be shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5.

With reference to FIG. 4, upon receipt of the fork request 7a from one of the processors 1-i at a timing of some clock, the thread control sequencer 11 first checks the child thread-generated signal accompanying the fork request 7a (Step S1). When the child thread-generated signal is not the value 1 indicating that a child thread has been already generated (NO in Step S1), the thread control sequencer 11 checks the state of the neighboring processor 1-j by the processor-state table 12. When the same processor 1-j is free (YES in Step S2), it is possible to fork, and the above sequencer 11 updates the entry 13-j corresponding to the same processor 1-j in the processor-state table 12 from the free state to the busy state (Step S3). It sends the thread starting request 7c with the fork destination address accompanying the fork request 7a attached thereon, to the fork destination processor 1-j, and returns the fork reply 7b to the processor 1-i of the request source (Step S4). When the neighboring processor 1-j is busy (NO in Step S2), the processor 1-j is executing the thread other than the child thread forked from the currently executing thread of the processor 1-i and it is impossible to fork. Therefore, the thread control sequencer 11 abandons the fork request 7a (Step S5).

On the other hand, when the child thread-generated signal accompanying the fork request 7a is the value 1 indicating that a child thread has been already generated (YES in Step S1), it proves that the neighboring processor 1-j is executing the child thread forked from the currently executing thread of the processor 1-i, and a fork is enabled by canceling it. Therefore, it advances to Step S4, where the thread control sequencer 11 sends the thread starting request 7c with the fork destination address accompanying the fork request 7a attached there to the fork destination processor 1-j and returns the fork reply 7b to the processor 1-i of the request source. The currently executing child thread of the fork destination processor 1-j is cancelled according to the thread starting request 7c as described below.

With reference to FIG. 5, upon receipt of the thread finishing notice 7d from one of the processors 1-i, the thread control sequencer 11 checks whether the currently executing thread of the processor 1-i is the oldest parent thread or not (Step S11), referring to the oldest parent bit 14-i corresponding to the processor 1-i in the processor-state table 12. When it is the oldest parent thread, the thread control sequencer 11 updates the corresponding state entry 13-i from the busy state to the free state and updates the oldest parent thread (Step S12) by rewriting the corresponding oldest parent bit 14-i from 1 to 0 and rewriting the oldest parent bit 14-j of the neighboring processor 14-j from 0 to 1. Then, it sends the thread finish permission 7e to the processor 1-i having issued the thread finishing notice 7d (Step S13). On the other hand, when the currently executing thread of the processor 1-i having issued the thread finishing notice 7d is not the oldest parent thread (NO in Step S11), the thread control sequencer 11 reserves the thread finish permission (Step S14) until the currently executing thread of the processor 1-i becomes the oldest parent thread.

With reference to FIG. 6, each processor 1-i comprises a PC 21 which is properly updated after the start address value accompanying the thread starting request 7c sent from the thread controller 3 is set, an instruction fetch unit 22 for fetching a thread instruction from the memory 5 according to the PC 21, an execution unit 23 for decoding and executing the fetched instruction, a register file 25 that is a collection of general registers 24-0 to 24-m, a register transfer unit 26 for transferring the content of the register file 25 to the fork destination processor through the communication bus 6, a register 27 for storing the fork destination address accompanying the fork request 7a which is sent from the executing unit 23 to the thread controller 3 at a fork instruction execution time, a forked bit 28 set by the fork reply 7b corresponding to the fork request 7a, a coincidence circuit 29 for checking whether the value of the PC 21 is coincident with the fork destination address stored in the register 27, an AND gate 30 for supplying an AND signal of the output of the forked bit 28 and the coincidence circuit 29 to the executing unit 23, and a temporary buffer 31. The output of the forked bit 28 is used as the child thread-generated signal accompanying the fork request 7a.

According to the thread starting request 7c, each processor 1-i starts the execution of a thread from the start address accompanying the above request. If it is executing a thread, the thread is canceled, to start the execution of a new thread. The execution unit 23 performs a temporary execution within a range capable of canceling the execution on the hardware until the temporary executing state of the thread is released. Namely, writing into the shared memory 5 and the cache memory not illustrated is restrained and writing into the temporary buffer 31 is performed. The temporarily executing state of a thread is released when receiving the thread finish permission 7e in reply to the thread finishing notice 7d, in this embodiment. When the temporary executing state of the thread is released, the execution unit 23 reflects the content of the temporary buffer 31 on the shared memory 5 and the cache memory not illustrated. Thus, each processor 1-i comes into an ordinal state without using the temporary buffer 31.

In the conventional multi-thread executing method, in order to cancel the execution of a child thread, it is necessary to execute a thread abort instruction (abort) in a parent thread. In the processor 1-i of this embodiment, however, the thread starting request 7c is provided in the temporary buffer 31 as a cancel signal, and if activating a new child thread, the currently executing child thread is automatically cancelled. Therefore, in this embodiment, it is not necessary to execute a thread abort instruction in a parent thread. Further, since the temporary execution state is to be released when receiving the thread finish permission 7e, in this embodiment, it is not necessary to notify a child thread of speculation success, differently from the conventional multi-thread executing method.

The execution unit 23 sends the thread finishing notice 7d to the thread controller 3 in order to finish the processing of a thread, when the value of the PC 21 is coincident with the fork destination address stored in the register 27 while the forked bit 28 is being set and the output of the AND gate 30 becomes logic "1". Even if the value of the PC 21 is coincident with the fork destination address stored in the register 27, if the forked bit 28 is not set, the output of the AND gate 30
doesn't become logic "1" and therefore the execution unit 23 continues to execute the instruction according to the PC 21.

The register transfer unit 26 starts the register transfer toward the fork destination processor at the timing at which the forked bit 28 is set. The register transfer unit 26 sends the register number (register address) and the value of a register of the register file 25 to the register file of the fork destination processor, for example, for every number of registers that can be transferred at once depending on the bus width of the communication bus 6, and in the register file 25 on the receiving side, the corresponding registers are rewritten.

The outline of the processing by the processor 1-i from start to finish of a thread is illustrated in FIG. 7. Based on the thread starting request 7c from the thread controller 3, when the processor 1-i starts the execution of one thread, the forked bit 28 of the same processor 1-i is reset and if it is executing a thread, the thread is cancelled (Step S21). Hereinafter, fetch, decode, execution of a thread instruction will be continuously executed (Step S22).

When the instruction decoded by the execution unit 23 is a fork instruction (YES in Step S24), the execution unit 23 stores (overwrites) the fork destination address into the register 27 (Step S25), and sends the fork request 7a accompanied by the fork destination address stored in this register 27 and the value of the forked bit 28, to the thread controller 3 (Step S26). The thread controller 3 determines that a fork is possible when the value of the forked bit 28 is 1 or even if 0, when the neighboring processor 1-j is free, returns the fork reply 7b to the processor 1-i of the request source, and sends the thread starting request 7c to the neighboring processor 1-j. The processor 1-i receiving the fork reply 7b sets the forked bit 28 at 1, and performs the register-value inheritance to transfer the content of the register file 25 of the parent thread to the register file of the fork destination processor 1-j through the communication bus 6 by the register transfer unit 26 (Step S30). The processing of Step S21 and later in FIG. 7 will be executed in the fork destination processor 1-j.

On the other hand, the thread controller 3 determines that a fork is impossible when the value of the forked bit 28 is 0 and the neighboring processor 1-j is busy, and abandons the fork request 7a sent from the processor 1-i. Accordingly, this fork instruction executed by the processor 1-i is made invalid, and the fork of a child thread according to the above fork instruction is abandoned.

When the execution of an instruction advances in the processor 1-i until the value of the PC 21 is coincident with the fork destination address stored in the register 27 (YES in Step S23), if the forked bit 28 is set (YES in Step S27), the output of the AND gate 30 becomes logic "1" and the execution unit 23 is interrupted. The above processor 1-i sends the thread finishing notice 7d to the thread controller 3 (Step S28), and finishes the processing of the thread (Step S29) when receiving the thread finish permission 7e from the thread controller 3. If the forked bit 28 is not set, the processor 1-i continues to execute the instruction according to the PC 21 (Step S22).

One example of the execution sequence of the multi-thread executing method of this embodiment is shown in FIG. 8(a). This execution sequence indicates a sequence in the case of speculation failure in the control dependency speculation processing as illustrated in FIG. 8(b), the control dependency-speculative child thread forked from the processor #0 to the processor #1 is cancelled at a fork time of the next child thread. On the other hand, FIGS. 8(c) and (d) show the execution sequence and the control dependency speculation processing when executing the same control dependency speculation in the conventional multi-thread executing method. Here the control dependency-speculative child thread forked from the processor #0 to the processor #1 is cancelled according to the thread abort instruction (abort), and then the next child thread is forked. In this embodiment, since the existing child thread is cancelled at the second fork, it is not necessary to insert the thread abort instruction into the parallel program. Further, it is not necessary to insert the term instruction (term) just before the starting point of the child thread.

Another example of the execution sequence of the multi-thread executing method of this embodiment is shown in FIG. 9(a). FIG. 9(a) assumes the case where the fork destination processor #1 is busy at a time of the first fork instruction A executed by the processor #0. In this embodiment, in this case, the fork according to the fork instruction A is promptly abandoned. Even if abandoning the fork by the fork instruction A, the processing of the program will be properly performed. This will be described as below, by way of example of the parallel program shown in FIG. 1(e). Since the fork instruction fork th1 corresponds to the fork instruction A and the fork instruction fork th2 corresponds to the fork instruction B in FIG. 1(e), the fork instruction A is made invalid, and the execution sequence in the case of forking the fork instruction B is as shown in FIG. 9(b). The instruction 0 and the instruction 1 are executed by the processor #0 in this order, and the instruction 2, the instruction 3, and the instruction 4 are executed by the processor #1 in this order. Therefore, the processing of the program can be performed without any problem.

Similarly, in FIG. 9(a), when the fork destination processor #1 is busy at a time of the fork instruction B, the fork instruction B is made invalid. In the case of the parallel program of FIG. 1(e), the execution sequence is as shown in FIG.
9(c), and the instruction 0, the instruction 1, the instruction 2, the instruction 3, and the instruction 4 are sequentially executed by the processor #0 in this order.

This time, a method of creating a parallel program executed by the multi-thread executing method of this embodiment will be described.

With reference to FIG. 10, a compiler 410 enters a serial processing program 420, analyzes a control flow and a data flow of the serial processing program 420 in a control/data flow analyzing unit 440, divides a basic block or a plurality of basic blocks by the unit of parallelism, that is, a thread, and inserts a code for parallelizing in a parallel code inserting unit 450, thereby creating and supplying the parallel program 430 divided into a plurality of threads.

As a general parallel code, there are a fork instruction, a term instruction, and the like. In this embodiment, at a time of creating a parallel program, a fork instruction is inserted into a fork point. However, a term instruction that has been hitherto inserted just before the starting point of a child thread is not inserted. Similarly to the fork instruction A of FIG. 9(a), in this embodiment, since the fork instruction is made invalid if a fork is impossible, the compiler 410 generates a parallel program 430 in which normal operation of the serial processing program 420 is assured even if the fork instruction becomes invalid. Generally, if the control flow in the state in which all the fork instructions (and also the term instructions if there are some term instructions corresponding to the fork instructions) are removed from the parallel program 430 is equal to the control flow of the serial processing program 420, it turns out that the parallel program 430 can assure the operation of the serial processing program 420.

As mentioned above, even if a parallel program without assurance of the Fork-Once limitation, this embodiment can assure the Fork-Once limitation at its execution time. Further, like the fourth embodiment described later, when a neighboring processor is busy at a time of the first fork instruction of a parent thread, if the fork instruction is waited, the processing is interrupted. This embodiment, however, can advance the processing of a program without any interruption even in such a case. Further, in the structure in which, when a fork is impossible, the content of a register file is once saved in a save buffer and thereafter the fork is enabled, like the fifth embodiment described later, the hardware amount is increased by the amount of the save buffer and the process switching overhead is increased because the save buffer becomes an object to be saved and restored at a process switching time of the operating system. This embodiment, however, can solve the problem. Further, in the embodiment, it is not necessary to describe a term instruction within the parallel program, like the sixth embodiment described later, and the capacity of an instruction memory can be reduced because the program becomes compact in size.

(Second Embodiment of First Invention)

In the first embodiment, although the fork is abandoned if a fork is impossible at a fork time of a parent thread, in this embodiment, the fork will be performed when a fork destination processor turns free before the register file of a parent thread is updated. Hereinafter, a description of this embodiment will be described mainly about a difference between the first embodiment and this embodiment.

With reference to FIG. 11, each processor 1-i of the parallel processing system according to this embodiment further comprises a fork active bit 33, in addition to the structure shown in FIG. 6. The fork active bit 33 is set by a fork signal 34
supplied when the execution unit 23 executes a fork instruction, and it is reset by the fork reply 7b received from the thread controller 3 and a register update signal 35 supplied when the execution unit 23 updates one of the registers of the resister file 25 of the parent thread. The output of the fork active bit 33 becomes the fork request 7a toward the thread controller 3, and the fork request