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United States Patent Application
20020059392
Kind Code
A1
Ellis, Frampton E. III
May 16, 2002
Global network computers
Abstract
This invention generally relates to one or more computer networks having computers like personal computers or network servers with microprocessors linked by broadband transmission means and having hardware, software, firmware, and other means such that at least one parallel processing operation occurs that involve at least two computers in the network. More particularly, this invention relates to one or more large networks composed of smaller networks and large numbers of computers connected, like the Internet, wherein more than one separate parallel processing operation involving more than one different set of computers occurs simultaneously and wherein ongoing processing linkages can be established between virtually any microprocessors of separate computers connected to the network. Still more particularly, this invention relates to business arrangements enabling the shared used of network microprocessors for parallel and other processing, wherein personal computer owners provide microprocessor processing power to a network, preferably for parallel processing, in exchange for network linkage to other personal and other computers supplied by network providers, including linkage to other microprocessors for parallel or other processing; the basis of the exchange between owners and providers being whatever terms to which the parties agree, subject to governing laws, regulations, or rules, including payment from either party to the other based on periodic measurement of net use or provision of processing power.
Inventors:
Ellis; Frampton E. III
(Arlington, VA)
Correspondence Name and Address:
Pillsbury Winthrop LLP 1600 Tysons Boulevard
Intellectual Property Group
McLean
VA
22102
US
Series Code:
884041
Filed:
June 20, 2001
U.S. Current Class:
709/208
U.S. Class at Publication:
709/208
Intern'l Class:
G06F 015/16
Claims
I claim as my invention:
1. A system for a network of computers, comprising: at least two personal computers; means for providing network services and shared computer processing, including parallel processing, to be provided to said at least two personal computers within said network; means for at least one of said at least two personal computers, when idled, to be made available temporarily to provide said shared computer processing to said network; means for at least one of said at least two personal computers, when directed by a corresponding personal user, to function temporarily as a master personal computer to initiate and control execution of a computer processing operation shared with at least one other of said at least two personal computers in said network; means for said at least one other of said at least two personal computers, when idled, to be made available to function temporarily as at least one slave personal computer to participate in an execution of a shared computer processing operation controlled by said master personal computer; and means for said at least two personal computers to alternate as directed between functioning as a master and functioning as a slave in said shared computer processing operation, wherein each of said at least one slave personal computer consolidates or passes through results sent from another slave personal computer at a lower processing level.
2. The system according to claim 1, further comprising: means for said master personal computer to subdivide said shared computer processing operation into a plurality of parts and to send said plurality of parts to slave personal computers.
3. The system according to claim 2, wherein at least one of said at least two personal computers is a microprocessor.
4. The system according to claim 3, wherein said microprocessor is on a single chip.
5. A system for a network of computers, comprising: at least two personal computers; means for providing network services including browsing functions and shared computer processing including parallel processing, to be provided to said at least two personal computers within said network; means for at least one of said at least two personal computers, when idled, to be made available temporarily to provide said shared computer processing to said network; a monitor, constructed and arranged to monitor on a net basis, a provision of said network services to each of said at least two personal computers; means for maintaining a standard cost basis for a provision of said network services to each of said at least two personal computers or to a personal user; means for at least one of said at least two personal computers, when directed by a corresponding personal user, to function temporarily as a master personal computer to initiate and control execution of a computer processing operation shared with at least one other of said at least two personal computers in said network; means for said at least one other of said at least two personal computers, when idled, to be made available to function temporarily as at least one slave personal computer to participate in an execution of a shared computer processing operation controlled by said master personal computer; and means for said at least two personal computers to alternate as directed between functioning as a master and functioning as a slave in said shared computer processing operation; at least one of said computers including at least two microprocessors and having a connection with said network of computers; a firewall for said at least two personal computers to limit access by said network to only a portion of hardware, software, firmware, and other components of said at least two personal computers, wherein: said firewall will not permit access by said network to at least one of said microprocessors, which include means for functioning as a master microprocessor to initiate and control execution of a computer processing operation shared with at least one other microprocessor, including means for functioning as a slave microprocessor, said firewall permitting access by said network to said slave microprocessor, and each of said at least one slave personal computer consolidates or passes through results sent from another slave personal computer at a lower processing level.
6. The system according to claim 5, further comprising: means for said master personal computer to subdivide said shared computer processing operation into a plurality of parts and to send said plurality of parts to slave personal computers.
7. The system according to claim 6, wherein at least one of said at least two personal computers is a microprocessor.
8. The system according to claim 7, wherein said microprocessor is on a single chip.
9. A system for a network of at least two processors, comprising: said at least two processors; means for providing network services and shared computer processing, including parallel processing, to be provided to said at least two processors within said network; means for at least one of said at least two processors, when idled, to be made available temporarily to provide said shared computer processing to said network; means for at least one of said at least two processors, when directed, to function temporarily as a master processor to initiate and control execution of a computer processing operation shared with at least one other of said at least two processors in said network; means for said at least one other of said at least two processors, when idled, to be made available to function temporarily as at least one slave processor to participate in an execution of a shared computer processing operation controlled by said master processor; and means for said at least two processors to alternate as directed between functioning as a master and functioning as a slave in said shared computer processing operation, wherein each of said at least one slave processor consolidates or passes through results sent from another slave processor at a lower processing level.
10. The system according to claim 9, further comprising: means for said master personal computer to subdivide said shared computer processing operation into a plurality of parts and to send said plurality of parts to slave personal computers.
11. The system according to claim 10, wherein at least one of said at least two personal computers is a microprocessor.
12. The system according to claim 11, wherein said microprocessor is on a single chip.
13. The system according to claim 9, wherein each of said at least two processors includes a corresponding memory.
14. The system according to claim 13, wherein each of said corresponding memories is one of a volatile memory and a non-volatile memory.
15. A system for a network of computers, comprising: at least two personal computers, wherein at least one of said at least two personal computers comprises a PC microprocessor with a slave microprocessor; means for providing network services including browsing functions and shared computer processing including parallel processing, to be provided to said at least two personal computers within said network; means for at least one of said at least two personal computers, when idled, to be made available temporarily to provide said shared computer processing to said network; a monitor, constructed and arranged to monitor on a net basis, a provision of said network services to each of said at least two personal computers; means for maintaining a standard cost basis for a provision of said network services to each of said at least two personal computers or to a personal user; means for at least one of said at least two personal computers, when directed by a corresponding personal user, to function temporarily as a master personal computer to initiate and control execution of a computer processing operation shared with at least one other of said at least two personal computers in said network; means for said at least one other of said at least two personal computers, when idled, to be made available to function temporarily as at least one slave personal computer to participate in an execution of a shared computer processing operation controlled by said master personal computer; and means for said at least two personal computers to alternate as directed between functioning as a master and functioning as a slave in said shared computer processing operation; a firewall for said at least two personal computers to limit access by said network to only a portion of hardware, software, firmware, and other components of said at least two personal computers, wherein: said firewall will not permit access by said network to at least one of said microprocessors, which include means for functioning as a master microprocessor to initiate and control execution of a computer processing operation shared with at least one other microprocessor, including means for functioning as a slave microprocessor, said firewall permitting access by said network to said slave microprocessor, and each of said at least one slave personal computer consolidates or passes through results sent from another slave personal computer at a lower processing level.
16. The system according to claim 15, further comprising: means for said master personal computer to subdivide said shared computer processing operation into a plurality of parts and to send said plurality of parts to slave personal computers.
17. The system according to claim 16, wherein at least one of said at least two personal computers is a microprocessor.
18. The system according to claim 17, wherein said microprocessor is on a single chip.
19. The system according to claim 15, wherein said firewall is implemented by non-configurable hardware at a microchip level.
20. A system for a network of at least two processors, comprising: said at least two processors; means for providing network services and shared computer processing, including parallel processing, to be provided to said at least two processors within said network; means for at least one of said at least two processors, when idled, to be made available temporarily to provide said shared computer processing to said network; means for at least one of said at least two processors, when directed, to function temporarily as a master processor to initiate and control execution of a computer processing operation shared with at least one other of said at least two processors in said network; means for said at least one other of said at least two processors, when idled, to be made available to function temporarily as at least one slave processor to participate in an execution of a shared computer processing operation controlled by said master processor; and means for said at least two processors to alternate as directed between functioning as a master and functioning as a slave in said shared computer processing operation, wherein at least one of said at least two processors is located within an automobile and is connected to said network.
21. A method comprising: providing network services and shared computer processing, including parallel processing, to at least two personal computers within a network; making at least one of said at least two personal computers available, when idled, to provide said shared computer processing to said network; making at least one of said at least two personal computers, when directed by a corresponding personal user, function temporarily as a master personal computer to initiate and control execution of a computer processing operation shared with at least one other of said at least two personal computers in said network; making said at least one other of said at least two personal computers available, when idled, to function temporarily as at least one slave personal computer to participate in an execution of a shared computer processing operation controlled by said master personal computer; and alternating said at least two personal computers, as directed, between functioning as a master and functioning as a slave in said shared computer processing operation, wherein each of said at least one slave personal computer consolidates or passes through results sent from another slave personal computer at a lower processing level.
22. The method according to claim 21, further comprising: said master personal computer subdividing said shared computer processing operation into a plurality of parts and sending said plurality of parts to slave personal computers.
23. The method according to claim 22, wherein at least one of said at least two personal computers is a microprocessor.
24. The method according to claim 23, wherein said microprocessor is on a single chip.
25. A method comprising: providing network services including browsing functions and shared computer processing including parallel processing, to at least two personal computers within a network; making at least one of said at least two personal computers available, when idled, to provide said shared computer processing to said network; monitoring, on a net basis, a provision of said network services to each of said at least two personal computers; maintaining a standard cost basis for a provision of said network services to each of said at least two personal computers or to a personal user; making at least one of said at least two personal computers available, when directed by a corresponding personal user, to function temporarily as a master personal computer to initiate and control execution of a computer processing operation shared with at least one other of said at least two personal computers in said network; making said at least one other of said at least two personal computers available, when idled, to function as at least one slave personal computer to participate in an execution of a shared computer processing operation controlled by said master personal computer; and alternating said at least two personal computers, as directed, between functioning as a master and functioning as a slave in said shared computer processing operation; limiting access by said network to only a portion of hardware, software, firmware, and other components of said at least two personal computers, wherein: said limiting will not permit access by said network to at least one of said microprocessors, said limiting permitting access by said network to at least one other of said microprocessors, and each of said at least one slave personal computer consolidates or passes through results sent from another slave personal computer at a lower processing level.
26. The method according to claim 25, further comprising: said master personal computer subdividing said shared computer processing operation into a plurality of parts and sending said plurality of parts to slave personal computers.
27. The method according to claim 26, wherein at least one of said at least two personal computers is a microprocessor.
28. The method according to claim 27, wherein said microprocessor is on a single chip.
29. A method comprising: providing network services and shared computer processing, including parallel processing, to at least two processors within a network; making at least one of said at least two processors available, when idled, to provide said shared computer processing to said network; making at least one of said at least two processors available, when directed, to function temporarily as a master processor to initiate and control execution of a computer processing operation shared with at least one other of said at least two processors in said network; making said at least one other of said at least two processors available, when idled, to function temporarily as at least one slave processor to participate in an execution of a shared computer processing operation controlled by said master processor; and alternating said at least two processors, as directed, between functioning as a master and functioning as a slave in said shared computer processing operation, wherein each of said at least one slave processor consolidates or passes through results sent from another slave processor at a lower processing level.
30. The method according to claim 29, further comprising: said master personal computer subdividing said shared computer processing operation into a plurality of parts and sending said plurality of parts to slave personal computers.
31. The method according to claim 30, wherein at least one of said at least two personal computers is a microprocessor.
32. The method according to claim 31, wherein said microprocessor is on a single chip.
33. The method according to claim 29, wherein each of said at least two processors includes a corresponding memory.
34. The method according to claim 33, wherein each of said corresponding memories is one of a volatile memory and a non-volatile memory.
35. A method comprising: providing network services including browsing functions and shared computer processing including parallel processing, to at least two personal computers within a network, at least one of said at least two personal computers comprising a PC microprocessor with a slave microprocessor; making at least one of said at least two personal computers available, when idled, to provide said shared computer processing to said network; monitoring, on a net basis, a provision of said network services to each of said at least two personal computers; maintaining a standard cost basis for a provision of said network services to each of said at least two personal computers or to a personal user; making at least one of said at least two personal computers available, when directed by a corresponding personal user, to function temporarily as a master personal computer to initiate and control execution of a computer processing operation shared with at least one other of said at least two personal computers in said network; making said at least one other of said at least two personal computers available, when idled, to function temporarily as at least one slave personal computer to participate in an execution of a shared computer processing operation controlled by said master personal computer; and alternating said at least two personal computers, as directed, between functioning as a master and functioning as a slave in said shared computer processing operation; limiting access to said at least two personal computers by said network to only a portion of hardware, software, firmware, and other components of said at least two personal computers, wherein: said limiting will not permit access by said network to at least one of said microprocessors, said limiting permitting access by said network to said slave microprocessor, and each of said at least one slave personal computer consolidates or passes through results sent from another slave personal computer at a lower processing level.
36. The method according to claim 35, further comprising: said master personal computer subdividing said shared computer processing operation into a plurality of parts and sending said plurality of parts to slave personal computers.
37. The method according to claim 36, wherein at least one of said at least two personal computers is a microprocessor.
38. The method according to claim 37, wherein said microprocessor is on a single chip.
39. The method according to claim 35, wherein said limiting is performed by non-configurable hardware at a microchip level.
40. A method comprising: providing network services and shared computer processing, including parallel processing, to at least two processors within a network; making at least one of said at least two processors available, when idled, to provide said shared computer processing to said network; making at least one of said at least two processors available, when directed, to function temporarily as a master processor to initiate and control execution of a computer processing operation shared with at least one other of said at least two processors in said network; making said at least one other of said at least two processors available, when idled, to function temporarily as at least one slave processor to participate in an execution of a shared computer processing operation controlled by said master processor; and alternating said at least two processors, as directed, between functioning as a master and functioning as a slave in said shared computer processing operation, wherein at least one of said at least two processors is located within an automobile and is connected to said network.
Description
[0001] This application receives the benefit of priority from provisional applications 60/086,516, filed May 22, 1998, 60/086,588 filed May 22, 1998, 60/086,948, filed May 27, 1998, 60/087,587, filed Jun. 1, 1998, and 60/088,459, filed Jun. 8, 1998. This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/213,875, filed Dec. 17, 1998, which receives the benefit of priority of provisional application 60/068,366, filed Dec. 19, 1997, and which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/980,058, filed Nov. 26, 1997, which receives the benefit of priority of provisional application 60/066,415, filed Nov. 24, 1997, provisional application 60/066,313, filed Nov. 21, 1997, provisional application 60/033,871, filed Dec. 20, 1996, provisional application 60/032,207, filed Dec. 2, 1996, and provisional application 60/031,855, filed Nov. 29, 1996. This application is also a continuation-in-part of PCT application PCT/US98/27058, filed Dec. 17, 1998 and designating the United States. PCT/US98/27058 receives the benefit of provisional application 60/068,366, filed Dec. 19 1997. This application is also a continuation-in part of PCT application PCT/US97/21812, filed Nov. 28, 1997 and designating the United States. PCT/US97/21812 receives the benefit of priority of provisional application 60/066,415, filed Nov. 24, 1997, provisional application 60/066,313, filed Nov. 21, 1997, provisional application 60/033,871, filed Dec. 20, 1996, provisional application 60/032,207, filed Dec. 2, 1996, and provisional application 60/031,855, filed Nov. 29, 1996. PCT/US97/21812 is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/980,058, whose priority is discussed above.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] This invention generally relates to one or more computer networks having computers like personal computers or network computers such as servers with microprocessors preferably linked by broadband transmission means and having hardware, software, firmware, and other means such that at least two parallel processing operations occur that involve at least two sets of computers in the network or in networks connected together, a form of metacomputing. More particularly, this invention relates to one or more large networks composed of smaller networks and large numbers of computers connected, like the Internet, wherein more than one separate parallel or massively parallel processing operation involving more than one different set of computers occurs simultaneously. Even more particularly, this invention relates to one or more such networks wherein more than one (or a very large number of) parallel or massively parallel microprocessing processing operations occur separately or in an interrelated fashion; and wherein ongoing network processing linkages are established between virtually any microprocessors of separate computers connected to the network.
[0003] Still more particularly, this invention relates generally to a network structure or architecture that enables the shared used of network microprocessors for parallel processing, including massive parallel processing, and other shared processing such as multitasking, wherein personal computer owners provide microprocessor processing power to a network, preferably for parallel or massively parallel processing or multitasking, in exchange for network linkage to other personal and other computers supplied by network providers such as Internet Service Providers (ISP's ), including linkage to other microprocessors for parallel or other processing such as multitasking. The financial basis of the shared use between owners and providers being be whatever terms to which the parties agree, subject to governing laws, regulations, or rules, including payment from either party to the other based on periodic measurement of net use or provision of processing power like a deregulated electrical power grid or preferably involving no payment, with the network system (software, hardware, etc) providing an essentially equivalent usage of computing resources by both users and providers (since any network computer operated by either entity is potentially both a user and provider of computing resources alternately (or even simultaneously, assuming multitasking), with potentially an override option by a user (exercised on the basis, for example, of user profile or user's credit line or through relatively instant payment).
[0004] Finally, this invention relates to a network system architecture including hardware and software that provides use of the Internet or its future equivalents or successors (and most other networks) without cost to most users of personal computers or most other computers, while also providing those users (and all other users, including of supercomputers) with computer processing performance that at least doubles every 18
months through metacomputing means. This metacomputing performance increase provided by the new MetaInternet (or Metanet for short) is in addition to all other performance increases, such as those already anticipated by Moore's Law.
[0005] By way of background, the computer industry has been governed over the last 30 years by Moore's Law, which holds that the circuitry of computer chips has been shrunk substantially each year, yielding a new generation of chips every 18 months with twice as many transistors, so that microprocessor computing power is effectively doubled every year and a half.
[0006] The long term trend in computer chip miniaturization is projected to continue unabated over the next few decades. For example, slightly more than a decade ago a 16 kilobit DRAM memory chip (storing 16,000 data bits) was typical; the standard in 1996 was the 16 megabit chip (16,000,000 data bits), which was introduced in 1993; and industry projections are for 16 gigabit memory chips (16,000,000,000 data bits) to be introduced in 2008 and 64 gigabit chips in 2011, with 16 terabit chips (16,000,000,000,000 data bits) conceivable by the mid-to-late 2020's . This is a thousand-fold increase regularly every fifteen years. Hard drive speed and capacity are also growing at a spectacular rate, even higher than that of semiconductor microchips in recent years.
[0007] Similarly regular and enormous improvements are anticipated to continue in microprocessor computing speeds, whether measured in simple clock speed or MIPS (millions of instructions for second) or numbers of transistors per chip. For example, performance has improved by four or five times every three years since Intel launched its X86 family of microprocessors used in the currently dominant "Wintel" standard personal computers. The initial Intel Pentium Pro microprocessor was introduced in 1995 and is a thousand times faster than the first IBM standard PC microprocessor, the Intel 8088, which was introduced in 1979. By 1996 the fastest of microprocessors, like Digital Equipment Corp.'s Alpha chip, is faster than the processor in the original Cray Y-MP supercomputer, as is even the Nintendo 64 video game system.
[0008] Both microprocessors and software (and firmware and other components) are also evolving from 8 bit and 16 bit systems into 32 bit systems that are becoming the standard today, with some 64 bit systems like the DEC Alpha already introduced and more coming, such as Intel's Merced microprocessor in 2000, with future increases to 128 bit likely some later.
[0009] A second major development trend in the past decade or so has been the rise of parallel processing, a computer architecture utilizing more than one CPU microprocessor (often many more, even thousands of relatively simple microprocessors, for massively parallel processing) linked together into a single computer with new operating systems having modifications that allow such an approach. The field of supercomputing has been taken over by this approach, including designs utilizing many identical standard personal computer microprocessors.
[0010] Hardware, firmware, software and other components specific to parallel processing are in a relatively early stage of development compared to that for single processor computing, and therefore much further design and development is expected in the future to better maximize the computing capacity made possible by parallel processing. Continued improvement is anticipated in system hardware, software, and architecture for parallel processing so that reliance is reduced on the multiple microprocessors having to share a common central memory, thereby allowing more independent operation of those microprocessors, each with their own discrete memory, like current personal computers, workstations and most other computer systems architecture; for unconstrained operation, each individual microprocessor must have rapid access to sufficient memory.
[0011] Several models of personal computers are now available with more than one microprocessor. It seems inevitable that in the future personal computers, broadly defined to include versions not currently in use, will also employ parallel computing utilizing multiple microprocessors or massively parallel computing with very large numbers of microprocessors. Future designs, such Intel's Merced chip, are expected to have a significant number of parallel processors on a single microprocessor chip.
[0012] A form of parallel processing called superscalar processing is also being employed within microprocessor design itself. The current generation of microprocessors such at the Intel Pentium have more than one data path within the microprocessor in which data is processed, with two to three paths being typical now and as many as eight in 1998 in IBM's new Power 3 microprocessor chip.
[0013] The third major development trend is the increasing size of bandwidth, which is a measure of communications power or transmission speed (in terms of units of data per second) between computers connected by a network. Before now, the local area networks and telephone lines typically linking computers including personal computers have operated at speeds much lower than the processing speeds of a personal computer. For example, a typical 1997 Intel Pentium operates at 100 MIPS (millions of instructions per second), whereas the most common current Ethernet connecting PC's is roughly 10 times slower at 10 megabits per second (Mbps), although some Ethernet connections are now 100 Mbps) and telephone lines are very much slower, the highest typical speed in 1998
being about 56 kilobits (reached only during downloads, however).
[0014] Now, however, the situation is expected to change dramatically, with bandwidth or transmission speed being anticipated to expand from 5
to 100 times as fast as the rise of microprocessor speeds, due to the use of coaxial cable, wireless, and especially fiber optic cable, instead of old telephone twisted pair lines. Telecommunication providers are now making available fiber connections supporting bandwidth of 40 gigabits and higher.
[0015] Technical improvements are expected in the near term which will make it possible to carry over 2 gigahertz (billions of cycles per second) on each of 700 wavelength streams, adding up to more than 1,400
gigahertz on every single fiber thread. Experts currently estimate that the bandwidth of optical fiber has been utilized one million times less fully than the bandwidth of coaxial or twisted pair copper lines. Within a decade, 10,000 wavelength streams per fiber are expected and 20-80
wavelengths on a single fiber is already commercially available. And the use of thin mirrored hollow wires or tubes called omniguides should provide very substantial additional increases.
[0016] Other network connection developments such as asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) and digital signal processors, which are improving their price/performance tenfold every two years, are also supporting the rapid increase in bandwidth. The increase in bandwidth reduces the need for switching and switching speed will be greatly enhanced when practical optical switches are introduced in the fairly near future, potentially reducing costs substantially.
[0017] The result of this huge bandwidth increase is extraordinary: already it is technically possible to connect virtually any computer to a network with a bandwidth that equals or exceeds the computer's own internal system bus speed, even as that bus speed itself is increasing significantly. The principal constraint is the infrastructure, consisting mostly of connecting the "last mile" to personal computers with optical fiber or other broad bandwidth connection, still needs to be built. The system bus of a computer is its internal network connecting many or most of its internal components such as microprocessor, random access memory (RAM), hard-drive, modem, floppy drive, and CD-ROM; for recent personal computers it has been only about 40 megabits per second, but is up to 133
megabits per second on Intel's Pentium PCI bus in 1995. IBM's 1998 Power3
microprocessor chip has a system bus of 1.6 gigabits per second and is now up to a gigabit per second on Intel's Pentium PCI bus.
[0018] Despite these tremendous improvements anticipated in the future, the unfortunate present reality is that a typical personal computer (PC) is already so fast that its microprocessor is essentially idle during most of the time the PC is in actual use and that operating time itself is but a small fraction of those days the PC is even in any use at all. The reality is that nearly all PC's are essentially idle during roughly all of their useful life. A realistic estimate is that its microprocessor is in an idle state 99.9% of the time (disregarding current unnecessary microprocessor busywork like executing screen saver programs, which have been made essentially obsolete by power-saving CRT monitor technology, which is now standard in the PC industry).
[0019] Given the fact that the reliability of PC's is so exceptionally high now, with the mean time to failure of all components typically several hundred thousand hours or more, the huge idle time of PC's represents a total loss; given the high capital and operating costs of PC's , the economic loss is very high. PC idle time does not in effect store a PC, saving it for future use, since the principle limiting factor to continued use of today's PC's is obsolescence, not equipment failure from use.
[0020] Moreover, there is growing concern that Moore's Law, which as noted above holds that the constant miniaturization of circuits results in a doubling of computing power every 18 months, cannot continue to hold true much longer. Indeed, Moore's Law may now be nearing its limits for silicon-based devices, perhaps by as early as 2004, and no new technologies have yet emerged that currently seem with reasonable certainty to have the potential for development to a practical level by then, although many recent advances have the potential to maintain Moore's Law.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0021] However, the confluence of all three of the established major trends summarized above--supercomputer-like personal computers, the spread of parallel processing using personal computer microprocessors (particularly massively parallel processing), and the enormous increase in network communications bandwidth--has made possible a surprising solution to the hugely excessive idleness problem of personal computers (and to the problematic possible end of Moore's Law), with very high potential economic savings once the basic infrastructure connecting personal computers with optical fiber is in place in the relatively near future.
[0022] The solution is use those mostly idle PC's (or their equivalents or successors) to build a parallel or massively parallel processing computer utilizing a very large network like the Internet or, more specifically, like the World Wide Web (WWW), or their equivalents or eventual successors like the MetaInternet (and including Internet II and the Next Generation Internet, which are under development now and which will utilize much broader bandwidth and will coexist with the Internet, the structure of which is in ever constant hardware and software upgrade and including the SuperInternet based on essentially all optical fiber transmission) with extremely broad bandwidth connections and virtually unlimited data transmission speed.
[0023] The prime characteristic of the Internet is of course the very large number of computers of all sorts already linked to it, with the future potential for effectively universal connection; it is a network of networks of computers that provides nearly unrestricted access (other than cost) worldwide. The soon-to-be widely available very broad bandwidth of network communications is used to link personal computers externally in a manner at least equivalent, and probably much faster, to the faster internal system buses of the personal computers, so that no external processing constraint will be imposed on linked personal computers by data input or output, or throughput; the speed of the microprocessor itself is the only processing constraint of the system.
[0024] This makes efficient external parallel processing possible, including massively parallel processing, in a manner paralleling more conventional internal parallel processing, call superscalar processing.
[0025] In one preferred embodiment, the World Wide Web (or its equivalents or successors) is transformed into a huge virtual massively parallel processing computer or computers, with potential through its established hyperlinks connections to operate in a manner at least somewhat like a neural network or neural networks, since the speed of transmission in the broadband linkages is so great that any linkage between two microprocessors is virtually equivalent to direct, physically close connections between those microprocessors.
[0026] With further development, digital signal processor-type microprocessors and/or analogue microprocessors may be particularly advantageous for this approach, either alone or in conjunction with conventional microprocessors and/or those new microprocessors described in this application. Networks with WWW-type hyperlinks incorporating digital signal processor-type microprocessor (or successors or equivalents) could operate separately from networks of conventional microprocessors (or successors or equivalents) or with one or more connections between such differing networks or with relatively complete integration between such differing networks. Simultaneous operation across the same network connection structure should be possible, employing non-interfering transmission links.
[0027] Such extremely broad bandwidth networks of computers enable every PC within the network to be fully utilized or nearly so. Because of the extraordinary extent to which existing PC's are currently idle, at optimal performance this new system potentially results in a thousand-fold increase in computer power available to each and every PC user (and any other user); and, on demand, almost any desired level of increased power, limited mostly by the increased cost, which however is relatively far less than possible from any other conceivable computer network configuration. This revolutionary increase is on top of the extremely rapid, but evolutionary increases already occurring in the computer/network industry discussed above.
[0028] The metacomputing hardware and software means of the MetaInternet provides performance increases that is likely to at least double every eighteen months based on the doubling of personal computers shared in a typical parallel processing operation by a standard PC user, starting first with at least 2 PC's , then about 4, about 8, about 16, about 32, about 64, about 128, about 256, and about 512, for example. After about fifteen years, for example, it is anticipated that each standard PC user will likely be able to use about 1024 personal computers for parallel processing or any other shared computing use, while generally using the Internet or its successors like the MetaInternet for free. At the other end of the performance spectrum, supercomputers experience a similar performance increase generally, but ultimately the performance increase is limited primarily by cost of adding temporary network linkages to available PC's , so there is definite potential for a quantum leap in supercomputer performance.
[0029] Network computer systems as described above offer almost limitless flexibility due to the abundant supply of heretofore idle connected microprocessors. This advantage allows "tightly coupled" computing problems (which normally are difficult to process in parallel) to be solved without knowing in advance (as is now necessary in relatively massively parallel processing) how many processors are available, what they are and their connection characteristics. A minimum number of equivalent processors (with equivalent other specs) are easily found nearby in a massive network like the Internet and assigned within the network from those multitudes available nearby. Moreover, the number of microprocessors used are almost completely flexible, depending on the complexity of the problem, and limited only by cost. The existing problem of time delay is solved largely by the widespread introduction of broad bandwidth connections between computers processing in parallel.
[0030] The state of the known art relating to this application is summarized in The Grid: Blueprint for a New Computing Infrastructure, edited by Ian Foster and Carl Kesselman, and published by Morgan Kaufman Publishers, Inc. in July 1998. Additional information may be obtained from the World Wide Web at "http://www.mkp.com/grids".
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0031] FIG. 1 is a simplified diagram of a section of a computer network, such as the Internet, showing an embodiment of a meter means which measures flow of computing during a shared operation such as parallel processing between a typical PC user and a network provider.
[0032] FIG. 2 is a simplified diagram of a section of a computer network, such as the Internet, showing an embodiment of another meter means which measures the flow of network resources, including shared processing, being provided to a typical PC user and a network provider.
[0033] FIG. 3 is a simplified diagram of a section of a computer network, such as the Internet, showing an embodiment of another meter means which, prior to execution, estimates the level of network resources, and their cost, of a shared processing operation requested by a typical PC user from a network provider.
[0034] FIGS. 4A-4C are simplified diagrams of a section of a computer network, such as the Internet, showing in a sequence of steps an embodiment of a selection means whereby a shared processing request by a PC is matched with a standard preset number of other PC's to execute shared operation.
[0035] FIG. 5 is a simplified diagram of a section of a computer network, such as the Internet, showing an embodiment of a control means whereby the PC, when idled by its user, is made available to the network for shared processing operations.
[0036] FIG. 6 is a simplified diagram of a section of a computer network, such as the Internet, showing an embodiment of a signal means whereby the PC, when idled by its user, signals its availability to the network for shared processing operations.
[0037] FIG. 7 is a simplified diagram of a section of a computer network, such as the Internet, showing an embodiment of a receiver and/or interrogator means whereby the network receives and/or queries the availability for shared processing status of a PC within the network.
[0038] FIG. 8 is a simplified diagram of a section of a computer network, such as the Internet, showing an embodiment of a selection and/or utilization means whereby the network locates available PC's in the network that are located closest to each other for shared processing.
[0039] FIG. 9 is a simplified diagram of a section of a computer network, such as the Internet, showing an embodiment of a system architecture for conducting a request imitated by a PC for a search using parallel processing means that utilizes a number of networked PC's .
[0040] FIGS. 10A-10I are simplified diagrams of a section of a computer network, such as the Internet, showing an embodiment of a system architecture utilizing a firewall to separate that part of a networked PC (including a system reduced in size to a microchip) that is accessible to the network for shared processing from a part that is kept accessible only to the PC user; also showing the alternating role that preferably each PC in the network plays as either a master or slave in a shared processing operation involving one or more slave PC's in the network; and showing a home or business network system, which can be configured as an Intranet; in addition, showing PC and PC microchips controlled by a controller (including remote) with limited or no processing capability; and showing PC and PC microchips in which a firewall 50 is can be reconfigured by a PC user.
[0041] FIG. 11 is a simplified diagram of a section of a computer network, such as the Internet, showing an embodiment of a system architecture for connecting clusters of PC's to each other by wireless means, to create the closest possible (and therefore fastest) connections.
[0042] FIG. 12 is a simplified diagram of a section of a computer network, such as the Internet, showing an embodiment of a system architecture for connecting PC's to a satellite by wireless means.
[0043] FIG. 13 is a simplified diagram of a section of a computer network, such as the Internet, showing an embodiment of a system architecture providing a cluster of networked PC's with complete interconnectivity by wireless means.
[0044] FIG. 14A is a simplified diagram of a section of a computer network, such as the Internet, showing an embodiment of a transponder means whereby a PC can identify one or more of the closest available PC's in a network cluster to designate for shared processing by wireless means. FIG. 14B shows clusters connected wirelessly; FIG. 14C shows a wireless cluster with transponders and with a network wired connection to Internet; FIG. 14D shows a network client/server wired system with transponders.
[0045] FIG. 15 is a simplified diagram of a section of a computer network, such as the Internet, showing an embodiment of a routing means whereby a PC request for shared processing is routed within a network using preferably broad bandwidth connection means to another area in a network with one or more idle PC's available.
[0046] FIGS. 16A-16Z and 16AA show a new hierarchical network architecture for personal computers and/or microprocessors based on subdivision of parallel processing or multi-tasking operations through a number of levels down to a processing level.
[0047] FIGS. 17A-17D show a firewall 50 with a dual function, including that of protecting Internet users (and/or other network users sharing use) of one or more slave personal computers PC 1 or microprocessors 40
from unauthorized surveillance or intervention by an owner/operator of those slave processors.
[0048] FIGS. 18A-18D show designs for one or more virtual quantum computers integrated into one or more digital computers.
[0049] FIG. 19 shows special adaptations to allow the use of idle automobile computers to be powered and connected to the Internet (or other net) for parallel or multi-tasking processing.
[0050] FIGS. 20A and 20B show separate broad bandwidth outputs such as an optical connection like glass fiber from each microprocessor 40 or 94.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0051] The new network computer utilizes PC's as providers of computing power to the network, not just users of network services. These connections between network and personal computer are enabled by a new form of computer/network financial structure that is rooted on the fact that economic resources being provided the network by PC owners (or leaser) are similar in value to those being provided by the network provider providing connectivity.
[0052] Unlike existing one way functional relationships between network providers such as internet service providers (often currently utilizing telecommunications networks for connectivity) and PC users, wherein the network provider provides access to a network like the Internet for a fee (much like cable TV services), this new relationship recognizes that the PC user is also providing the network access to the user's PC for parallel computing use, which has a similar value. The PC thus both provides and uses services on the network, alternatively or potentially even virtually simultaneously, in a multitasking mode.
[0053] This new network operates with a structural relationship that is roughly like that which presently exists between an electrical power utility and a small independent power generator connected to a deregulated utility's electrical power grid, wherein electrical power can flow in either direction between utility and independent generator depending on the operating decisions of both parties and at any particular point in time each party is in either a debt or credit position relative to the other based on the net direction of that flow for a given period, and is billed accordingly. In the increasingly deregulated electrical power industry, electrical power (both its creation and transmission) is becoming a commodity bought and sold in a competitive marketplace that crosses traditional borders. With the structural relationship proposed here for the new network, parallel free market structures can develop over time in a new computer power industry dominated by networks of personal computers in all their forms providing shared processing in a grid scaling almost seamlessly from local to national (and international) like an open market electrical power grid.
[0054] For this new network and its structural relationships, a network provider or Internet service provider (ISP) is defined in the broadest possible way as any entity (corporation or other business, government, not-for-profit, cooperative, consortium, committee, association, community, or other organization or individual) that provides personal computer users (very broadly defined below) with initial and continuing connection hardware and/or software and/or firmware and/or other components and/or services to any network, such as the Internet and WWW or Internet II or Next Generation Internet or their present or future equivalents, coexistors or successors, like the herein proposed MetaInternet,including any of the current types of Internet access providers (ISP's ) including telecommunication companies, television cable or broadcast companies, electrical power utilities or other related companies, satellite communications companies, or their present or future equivalents, coexistors or successors.
[0055] The connection means used in the networks of the network providers, including between personal computers or equivalents or successors, is preferably very broad bandwidth, including electromagnetic connections such as optical connection, including fiber optic cable or wireless for example, but not excluding any other electromagnetic or other means, including television coaxial cable and telephone twisted pair, as well as associated gateways, bridges, routers, and switches with all associated hardware and/or software and/or firmware and/or other components and their present or future equivalents or successors. The computers used by the providers include any current or future computers, including such current examples as mainframes, minicomputers, servers, and personal computers, and associated their associated hardware and/or software and/or firmware and/or other components, and their present or future equivalents or successors.
[0056] Other levels of network control beyond the network provider also exist to control any aspect of the network structure and function, any one of which levels may or may not control and interact directly with the PC user. For example, at least one level of network control like the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) or Internet Society (ISOC) or other ad hoc industry consortia establish and ensure compliance with any prescribed network standards and/or protocols and/or industry standard agreements for any hardware and/or software and/or firmware and/or other component connected to the network. Under the consensus control of these consortia/societies, other levels of network control can deal with administration and operation of the network. These other levels of network control can potentially be constituted by any network entity, including those defined immediately above for network providers.
[0057] The principal defining characteristic of the network herein described being communication connections (including hardware and/or software and/or firmware and/or other component) of any form, including electromagnetic (such as light and radio or microwaves) and electrochemical (and not excluding biochemical or biological), between PC users and their computers, with connection (either directly or indirectly) to the largest number of users and their computers possible being highly advantageous, such as networks like the Internet (and Internet II and the Next Generation Internet) and WWW and equivalents and successors, like the MetaInternet. Multiple levels of such networks will likely coexist with different technical capabilities, like Internet and Internet II, but would certainly have interconnection and therefore would certainly communicate freely between levels, for such standard network functions as electronic mail, for example.
[0058] And a personal computer (PC) user is defined in the broadest possible way as any individual or other entity routinely using a personal computer, which is defined as any computer, digital or analog or neural or quantum, particularly including personal use microprocessor-based personal computers having one or more microprocessors (each including one or more parallel processors) in their general current form (hardware and/or software and/or firmware and/or any other component) and their present and future equivalents or successors, such as application-specific (or several application) computers, network computers, handheld personal digital assistants, personal communicators such as telephones and pagers, wearable computers, digital signal processors, neural-based computers (including PC's ) , entertainment devices such as televisions and associated cable digital set-top control boxes, video tape recorders, video games, videocams, compact or digital video disk (CD or DVD) player/recorders, radios and cameras, other household electronic devices, business electronic devices such as printers, copiers, fax machines, automobile or other transportation equipment devices, robots, and other current or successor devices incorporating one or more microprocessors (or functional or structural equivalents), especially those owned (or leased directly or indirectly) and used directly by individuals, utilizing one or more microprocessors, made of inorganic compounds such as silicon and/or other inorganic or organic compounds. While not personal computers (due generally to high cost), current and future forms of mainframe computers, minicomputers, workstations, and even supercomputers are also be included with PCs in a parallel processing network, since they can be used functionally in the same general way in the network as a PC. Such personal computers as defined above have owners or Teasers, which may or may not be the same as the computer users. Continuous connection of computers to the network, such as the Internet, WWW, or equivalents or successors, is preferred, but clearly not required, since connection can also be made at the initiation of a shared processing operation.
[0059] Parallel processing is defined as one form of shared processing involving two or more microprocessors used in solving the same computational problem or other task. Massively parallel microprocessor processing involves large numbers of microprocessors. In today's technology, massive parallel processing is probably to be considered to be about 64 microprocessors (referred to in this context as nodes) and over 7,000 nodes have been successfully tested in an Intel supercomputer design using PC microprocessors (Pentium Pros). It is anticipated that continued software improvements will make possible effective use of a much larger number of nodes, very possibly limited only by the number of microprocessors available for use on a given network, even an extraordinarily large one like the Internet or its equivalents and/or successors, like the MetaInternet.
[0060] Broadband wavelength or broad bandwidth network transmission is defined here to mean a transmission speed (usually measured in bits per second) that is at least high enough (or roughly at least equivalent to the internal clock speed of the microprocessor or microprocessors times the number of microprocessor channels equaling instructions per second or operations per second or calculations per second) so that the processing input and output of the microprocessor is substantially unrestricted, particularly including at peak processing levels, by the bandwidth of the network connections between microprocessors that are performing some form of parallel processing, particularly including massive parallel processing. Since this definition is dependent on microprocessor speed, it increases as microprocessor speeds increase. A rough example might be a 1996 era 100 MIPS (millions instructions per second) microprocessor, for which a broad bandwidth connection is greater than 100 megabytes per second (MBps); this is a rough approximation.
[0061] However, a preferred connection means referenced above is a light wave or optical connection such as fiber optic cable, which in 1996
already provided multiple gigabit bandwidth on single fiber thread and is rapidly improving significantly on a continuing basis, so the currently preferred general use of optical fiber connections between PCs virtually assures broad bandwidth for data transmission that is far greater than microprocessor speed to provide data to be transmitted. In addition, new wired optical connections in the form of thin, mirrored hollow wires or tubes called omniguides offer even much greater bandwidth than optical fiber and without need of amplification when transmitting over distances, unlike optical fiber. The connection means to provide broad bandwidth transmission is either wired or wireless, with wireless generally preferred for mobile personal computers (or equivalents or successors) and as otherwise indicated below. Wireless connection bandwidth is also increasing rapidly and is considered to offer essentially the same benefit as fiber optic cable: data transmission speed that far exceeds data processing speed.
[0062] The financial basis of the shared use between owners/leasers and providers is whatever terms to which the parties agree, subject to governing laws, regulations, or rules, including payment from either party to the other based on periodic measurement of net use or provision of processing power, in a manner like an deregulated or open market electrical power grid.
[0063] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, in order for this network structure to function effectively, there is a meter device 5 (comprised of hardware and/or software and/or firmware and/or other component) to measure the flow of computing power between PC 1 user and network 2
provider, which might provide connection to the Internet and/or World Wide Web and/or Internet II and/or any present or future equivalent or successor 3, like the MetaInternet. In one embodiment, the PC user should be measured by some net rating of the processing power being made available to the network, such as net score on one or more standard tests measuring speed or other performance characteristics of the overall system speed, such as PC Magazine's benchmark test program, ZD Winstone (potentially including hardware and/or software and/or firmware and/or other component testing) or specific individual scores for particularly important components like the microprocessor (such as MIPS or millions of instructions per second) that may be of application-specific importance, and by the elapsed time such resources were used by the network. In the simplest case, for example, such a meter need measure only the time the PC was made available to the network for processing 4, which can be used to compare with time the PC used the network (which is already normally measured by the provider, as discussed below) to arrive at a net cost; potential locations of such a meter include at a network computer such as a server, at the PC, and at some point on the connection between the two. Throughput of data in any standard terms is another potential measure.
[0064] In another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, there also is a meter device 7 (comprised of hardware and/or software and/or firmware and/or other component) that measures the amount of network resources 6 that are being used by each individual PC 1 user and their associated cost. This includes, for example, time spent doing conventional downloading of data from sites in the network or broadcast from the network 6. Such metering devices currently exist to support billing by the hour of service or type of service is common in the public industry, by providers such as America Online, Compuserve, and Prodigy. The capability of such existing devices is enhanced to include a measure of parallel processing resources that are allocated by the Internet Service Provider or equivalent to an individual PC user from other PC users 6, also measuring simply in time. The net difference in time 4 between the results of meter 5 and meter 7
for a given period provides a reasonable billing basis.
[0065] Alternately, as shown in FIG. 3, a meter 10 also estimates to the individual PC user prospectively the amount of network resources needed to fulfill a processing request from the PC user to the network (provider or other level of network control) and associated projected cost, provide a means of approving the estimate by executing the request, and a realtime readout of the cost as it occurs (alternatively, this meter might be done only to alert 9 the PC user that a given processing request 8 falls outside normal, previously accepted parameters, such as level of cost) . To take the example of an unusually deep search request, a priority or time limit and depth of search should optimally be criteria or limiting parameters that the user can determine or set with the device.
[0066] Preferably, the network involves no payment between users and providers, with the network system (software, hardware, etc) providing an essentially equivalent usage of computing resources by both users and providers (since any network computer operated by either entity can potentially be both a user and provider of computing resources (even simultaneously, assuming multitasking), with potentially an override option by a user (exercised on the basis, for example, of user profile or user's credit line or through relatively instant payment).
[0067] Preferably, as shown in FIGS. 4A-4C, the priority and extent of use of PC and other users can be controlled on a default-to-standard-of-class- -usage basis by the network (provider or other) and overridden by the user decision on a basis prescribed by the specific network provider (or by another level of network control). One example of a default basis is to expend up to a PC's or other user's total credit balance with the provider described above and the network provider then to provide further prescribed service on an debt basis up to some set limit for the user; different users might have different limits based on resources and/or credit history.
[0068] A specific category of PC user based, for example, on specific microprocessor hardware owned or leased, might have access to a set maximum number of parallel PC's or microprocessors, with smaller or basic users generally having less access and vice versa. Specific categories of users might also have different priorities for the execution of their processing by the network. A very wide range of specific structural forms between user and provider are possible, both conventional and new, based on unique features of the new network computer system of shared processing resources.
[0069] For example, in the simplest case, in an initial system embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4A, a standard PC 1 user request 11 for a use involving parallel processing might be defaulted by system software 13, as shown in FIG. 4B, to the use of only one other essentially identical PC 12
microprocessor for parallel processing or multitasking, as shown in FIG. 4C; larger standard numbers of PC microprocessors, such as about three PC's at the next level, as shown in later Figure 10G (which could also illustrate a PC 1 user exercising an override option to use a level of services above the default standard of one PC microprocessor, presumably at extra cost), for a total of about four, then about 8, about 16, about 32, about 64 and so on, or virtually any number in between, is made available as the network system is upgraded in simple phases over time, as well as the addition of sophisticated override options. As the phase-in process continues, many more PC microprocessors can be made available to the standard PC user (virtually any number), preferably starting at about 128, then about 256, then about 512, then about 1024
and so on over time, as the network and all of its components are gradually upgraded to handle the increasing numbers. System scalability at even the standard user level is essentially unlimited over time.
[0070] Preferably, for most standard PC users (including present and future equivalents and successors), connection to the Internet (or present or future equivalents or successors like the MetaInternet) can be at no cost to PC users, since in exchange for such Internet access the PC users can generally make their PC, when idle, available to the network for shared processing. Preferably, then, competition between Internet Service Providers (including present and future equivalents and successors) for PC user customers can be over such factors as the convenience and quality of the access service provided and of shared processing provided at no addition cost to standard PC users, or on such factors as the level of shared processing in terms, for example of number of slave PC's assigned on a standard basis to a master PC. The ISP's can also compete for parallel processing operations, from inside or outside the ISP Networks, to conduct over their networks.
[0071] In addition, as shown in FIGS. 5A-5B, in another embodiment there is a (hardware and/or software and/or firmware and/or other) controlling device to control access to the user's PC by the network. In its simplest form, such as a manually activated electromechanical switch, the PC user could set this controller device to make the PC available to the network when not in use by the PC user. Alternatively, the PC user could set the controller device to make the PC available to the network whenever in an idle state, however momentary, by making use of multitasking hardware and/or software and/or firmware and/or other component (broadcast or "pushy" applications from the Internet or other network could still run in the desktop background).
[0072] Or, more simply, as shown in FIG. 5A, whenever the state that all user applications are closed and the PC 1 is available to the network 14
(perhaps after a time delay set by the user, like that conventionally used on screensaver software) is detected by a software controller device 12 installed in the PC, the device 12 signals 15 the network computer such as a server 2 that the PC available to the network, which could then control the PC 1 for parallel processing or multitasking by another PC. Such shared processing can continue until the device 12 detects the an application being opened 16 in the first PC (or at first use of keyboard, for quicker response, in a multitasking environment), when the device 12
signals 17 the network computer such as a server 2 that the PC is no longer available to the network, as shown in FIG. 5B, so the network can then terminate its use of the first PC.
[0073] In a preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, there is a (hardware and/or software and/or firmware and/or other component) signaling device 18 for the PC 1 to indicate or signal 15 to the network the user PC's availability 14 for network use (and whether full use or multitasking only) as well as its specific (hardware/software/firmware/other components) configuration 20 (from a status 19 provided by the PC) in sufficient detail for the network or network computer such as a server 2
to utilize its capability effectively. In one embodiment, the transponder device is resident in the user PC and broadcast its idle state or other status (upon change or periodically, for example) or respond to a query signal from a network device.
[0074] Also, in another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, there is a (hardware/software and/or firmware and/or other component) transponder device 21 resident in a part of the network (such as network computer, switch, router, or another PC, for examples) that receives 22 the PC device status broadcast and/or queries 26 the PC for its status, as shown in FIG. 7.
[0075] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 8, the network also has resident in a part of its hardware and/or software (and/or firmware and/or other components) a capacity such as to allow it to most effectively select and utilize the available user PC's to perform parallel processing initiated by PC users or the network providers or others. To do so, the network should have the (hardware and/or software and/or firmware and/or other component) capability of locating each PC accurately at the PC's position on the geographic grid lines/connection means 23 so that parallel processing occurs between PC's (PC 1 and PC 1.sub.2) as close together as possible, which should not be difficult for PC's at fixed sites with a geographic location, customarily grouped together into cells 24, as shown in FIG. 8, but which requires an active system for any wireless microprocessor to measure its distance from its network relay site, as discussed below in FIG. 14.
[0076] One of the primary capabilities of the Internet (or Internet II or successor, like the MetaInternet) or WWW network computer is to facilitate searches by the PC user or other user. As shown in FIG. 9, searches are particularly suitable to multiple processing, since, for example, a typical search is to find a specific Internet or WWW site with specific information. Such site searches can be broken up geographically, with a different PC processor 1' allocated by the network communicating through a wired means 99 as shown (or wireless connections) to search each area, the overall area being divided into eight separate parts, as shown, which are preferably about equal, so that the total search would be about 1/8 as long as if one processor did it alone (assuming the PC 1
microprocessor provides control only and not parallel processing, which may be preferable in some case).
[0077] As a typical example, a single PC user might need 1,000 minutes of search time to find what is requested, whereas the network computer, using multiple PC processors, might be able to complete the search in 100
minutes using 10 processors, or 10 minutes using 100 processors or 1
minute using 1,000 processors (or even 1 second using 60,000 processors) ; assuming performance transparency, which should be achievable, at least over time. The network's external parallel processing is optimally completely scalable, with virtually no theoretical limit.
[0078] The above examples also illustrates a tremendous potential benefit of network parallel processing. The same amount of network resources, 60,000 processor seconds, was expended in each of the equivalent examples. But by using relatively large multiples of processors, the network can provide the user with relatively immediate response with no difference in cost (or relatively little difference)--a major benefit. In effect, each PC user linked to the network providing external parallel processing becomes, in effect, a virtual supercomputer! As discussed below, supercomputers can experience a similar quantum leap in performance by employing a thousand-fold (or more) increase in microprocessors above current levels.
[0079] Such power will likely be required for any effective searches in the World Wide Web (WWW). WWW is currently growing at a rate such that it is doubling every year, so that searching for information within the WWW will become geometrically more difficult in future years, particularly a decade hence, and it is already a very significant difficulty to find WWW sites of relevance to any given search and then to review and analyze the contents of the site.
[0080] So the capability to search with massive parallel processing will be required to be effective and can dramatically enhance the capabilities of scientific, technological and medical researchers.
[0081] Such enhanced capabilities for searching (and analysis) can also fundamentally alter the relationship of buyers and sellers of any items and/or services. For the buyer, massive parallel network processing can make it possible to find the best price, worldwide, for any product or the most highly rated product or service (for performance, reliability, etc.) within a category or the best combination of price/performance or the highest rated product for a given price point and so on.
[0082] The best price for the product can include best price for shipping within specific delivery time parameters acceptable to the buyer.
[0083] For the seller, such parallel processing can drastically enhance the search, worldwide, for customers potentially interested in a given product or service, providing very specific targets for advertisement. Sellers, even producers, can know their customers directly and interact with them directly for feedback on specific products and services to better assess customer satisfaction and survey for new product development.
[0084] Similarly, the vastly increased capability provided by the system's shared parallel processing can produce major improvements in complex simulations like modeling worldwide and local weather systems over time, as well as design and testing of any structure or product, from airliners and skyscrapers, to new drugs and to the use of much more sophisticated artificial intelligence (AI) in medical treatment and in sorting through and organizing the PC users voluminous input of electronic data from "push" technologies. Improvements in games also result, especially in terms of realistic simulation and realtime interactivity.
[0085] As is clear from the examples, the Internet or WWW network computer system like the MetaInternet can potentially put into the hands of the PC user an extraordinary new level of computer power vastly greater than the most powerful supercomputer existing today. The world's total of microchips is already about 350 billion, of which about 15 billion are microprocessors of some kind (most are fairly simple "appliance" type running wrist watches, televisions, cameras, cars, telephones, etc). Assuming growth at its current rates, in a decade the Internet/Internet II/WWW could easily have a billion individual PC users, each providing a average total of at least 10 highly sophisticated microprocessors (assuming PC's with at least 4 microprocessors (or more, such as 16
microprocessors or 32, for example) and associated other handheld, home entertainment, and business devices with microprocessors or digital processing capability, like a digital signal processor or successor devices). That results in a global computer a decade from now made of at least 10 billion microprocessors, interconnected by electromagnetic wave means at speeds approaching the speed of light.
[0086] In addition, if as is preferred the exceptionally numerous special purpose "appliance" microprocessors noted above, especially those that operate now intermittently like personal computers, are designed as is preferred to the same basic consensus industry standard as parallel microprocessors for PC's (or equivalents or successors) or for PC "systems on a chip" discussed later in FIGS. 10A-H (so that all PCs function homogeneously or are homogeneous in the parallel processing Internet, as preferred), and if such PCs are also connected by any broad bandwidth means including fiber optic cable or equivalent wireless, then the number of parallel processors potentially available can increase roughly about 10 times, for a net potential "standard" computing performance of up to 10,000 times current performance within fifteen years, exclusive of Moore's Law routine increases. Moreover, in a environment where all current intermittently operating microprocessors followed the same basic design standards as preferred so that all were homogeneous parallel processors, then although the cost per microprocessor increases somewhat, especially initially, the net cost of computing for all users falls drastically due to the general performance increase due to the use of otherwise idle "appliance" microprocessors. Therefore, the overall system cost reduction compels a transformation of virtually all such microprocessors, which are currently specialty devices known as application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), into general microprocessors (like PC's ), with software and firmware providing most of their distinguishing functionality. As noted above, homogeneity of parallel (and multi-tasking) processing design standards for microprocessors and network, including local and Internet, is preferred, but heterogeneity is also a well established parallel processing alternative providing significant benefits compared to non-parallel processing.
[0087] To put this in context, a typical supercomputer today utilizing the latest PC microprocessors has less than a hundred. using network linkage to all external parallel processing, a peak maximum of perhaps 1 billion microprocessors can be made available for a network supercomputer user, providing it with the power 10,000,000 times greater than is available using current conventional internal parallel processing supercomputers (assuming the same microprocessor technology). Because of it's virtually limitless scalability mentioned above, resources made available by the network to the supercomputer user or PC user can be capable of varying significantly during any computing function, so that peak computing loads can be met with effectively whatever level of resources are necessary.
[0088] In summary, regarding monitoring the net provision of power between PC and network, FIGS. 1-9 show embodiments of a system for a network of computers, including personal computers, comprising: means for network services including browsing functions, as well as shared computer processing such as parallel processing, to be provided to the personal computers within the network; at least two personal computers; means for at least one of the personal computers, when idled by a personal user, to be made available temporarily to provide the shared computer processing services to the network; and means for monitoring on a net basis the provision of the services to each the personal computer or to the personal computer user. In addition, FIGS. 1-9 show embodiments including where the system is scalar in that the system imposes no limit to the number of the personal computers, including at least 1024 personal computers; the system is scalar in that the system imposes no limit to the number of personal computers participating in a single shared computer processing operation, including at least 256 personal computers; the network is connected to the Internet and its equivalents and successors, so that the personal computers include at least a million personal computers; the network is connected to the World Wide Web and its successors; the network includes at least one network server that participates in the shared computer processing.; the monitoring means includes a meter device to measure the flow of computing power between the personal computers and the network; the monitoring means includes a means by which the personal user of the personal computer is provided with a prospective estimate of cost for the network to execute an operation requested by the personal user prior to execution of the operation by the network; the system has a control means by which to permit and to deny access to the personal computers by the network for shared computer processing; access to the personal computers by the network is limited to those times when the personal computers are idle; and the personal computers having at least one microprocessor and communicating with the network through a connection means having a speed of data transmission that is at least greater than a peak data processing speed of the microprocessor.
[0089] Also, relative to maintaining a standard cost, FIGS. 1-9 show embodiments of a system for a network of computers, including personal computers, comprising: means for network services including browsing functions, as well as shared computer processing such as parallel processing, to be provided to the personal computers within the network; at least two personal computers; means for at least one of the personal computers, when idled by a personal user, to be made available temporarily to provide the shared computer processing services to the network; and means for maintaining a standard cost basis for the provision of the services to each personal computer or to the personal computer user. In addition, FIGS. 1-9 show embodiments including where the system is scalar in that the system imposes no limit to the number of personal computers, including at least 1,024 personal computers; the system is scalar in that the system imposes no limit to the number of the personal computers participating in a single shared computer processing operation, including at least 256 personal computers; the network is connected to the Internet and its equivalents and successors, so that the personal computers include at least a million personal computers; the standard cost is fixed; the fixed standard cost is zero; the means for maintaining a standard cost basis includes the use of making available a standard number of personal computers for shared processing by personal computers;the network is connected to the World Wide Web and its successors; the personal user can override the means for maintaining a standard cost basis so that the personal user can obtain additional network services; the system has a control means by which to permit and to deny access to the personal computers by the network for shared computer processing; the personal computers having at least one microprocessor and communicating with the network through a connection means having a speed of data transmission that is at least greater than a peak data processing speed of the microprocessor.
[0090] Browsing functions generally include functions like those standard functions provided by current Internet browsers, such as Microsoft Explorer 3.0 or 4.0 and Netscape Navigator 3.0 or 4.0, including at least access to searching World Wide Web or Internet sites, exchanging E-Mail worldwide, and worldwide conferencing; an intranet network uses the same browser software, but might not include access to the Internet or WWW. Shared processing includes parallel processing and multitasking processing involving more than two personal computers, as defined above. The network system is entirely scalar, with any number of PC microprocessors potentially possible.
[0091] As shown in FIGS. 10A-10F, to deal with operational and security issues, it may be beneficial for individual users to have one microprocessor or equivalent device that is designated, permanently or temporarily, to be a master 30 controlling device (comprised of hardware and/or software and/of firmware and/or other component) that remains unaccessible (preferably using a hardware and/or software and/or firmware and/or other component firewall 50) directly by the network but which controls the functions of the other, slave microprocessors 40 when the network is not utilizing them.
[0092] For example, as shown in FIGS. 10A, a typical PC 1 might have four or five microprocessors (even on a single microprocessor chip), with one master 30 and three or four slaves 40, depending on whether the master 30
is a controller exclusively (through different design of any component part), requiring four slave microprocessors 40 preferably; or the master microprocessor 30 has the same or equivalent microprocessing capability as a slave 40 and multiprocesses in parallel with the slave microprocessors 40, thereby requiring only three slave microprocessors 40, preferably. The number of PC slave microprocessors 40 can be increased to virtually any other number, such as at least about eight, about 16, about 32, about 64, about 128, about 256, about 512, about 1024, and so on (these multiples are preferred as conventional in the art, but not clearly required; the PC master microprocessors 30 can also be increased. Also included is the preferred firewall 50 between master 30 and slave 40 microprocessors. As shown in preceding FIGS. 1-9, the PC 1 in FIG. 10A is preferably connected to a network computer 2 and to the Internet or WWW or present or future equivalent or successor 3, like the MetaInternet.
[0093] Other typical PC hardware components such as hard drive 61, floppy diskette 62, compact disk-read only memory (CD-ROM) 63, digital video disk (DVD) 64, Flash memory 65, random access memory (RAM) 66, video or other display 67, graphics card 68, and sound card 69, as well as digital signal processor or processors, together with the software and/or firmware stored on or for them, can be located on either side of the preferred firewall 50, but such devices as the display 67, graphics card 68 and sound card 69 and those devices that both read and write and have non-volatile memory (retain data without power and generally have to written over to erase), such as hard drive 62, Flash memory 65, floppy drive 62, read/write CD-ROM 63 or DVD 64 are preferred to be located on the PC user side of the firewall 50, where the master microprocessor is also located, as shown in FIG. 10A, for security reasons primarily; their location can be flexible, with that capability controlled such as by password-authorized access.
[0094] Alternately, any or these devices that are duplicative (or for other exceptional needs) like a second hard drive 61' can be located on the network side of the firewall 50. RAM 66 or equivalent or successor memory, which typically is volatile (data is lost when power is interrupted), should generally be located on the network side of the firewall 50, however some can be located with the master microprocessor to facilitate its independent use.
[0095] However, read-only memory (ROM) devices including most current CD drives (CD-ROM's ) 63' or DVD's (DVD-ROM) 64' or can be safely located on the network side of the firewall 50, since the data on those drives cannot be altered by network users; preemptive control of use preferably remains with the PC user.
[0096] However, at least a portion of RAM is can be kept on the Master 30
microprocessor side of the firewall 50, so that the PC user can use retain the ability to use a core of user PC 1 processing capability entirely separate from any network processing. If this capability is not desired, then the master 30 microprocessor can be moved to the network side of the firewall 50 and replaced with a simpler controller on the PC 1 user side, like the master remote controller 31 discussed below and shown in FIG. 10I.
[0097] And the master microprocessor 30 might also control the use of several or all other processors 60 owned or leased by the PC user, such as home entertainment digital signal processors 70, especially if the design standards of such microprocessors in the future conforms to the requirements of network parallel processing as described above. In this general approach, the PC master processor uses the slave microprocessors or, if idle (or working on low priority, deferable processing), make them available to the network provider or others to use. Preferably, wireless connections 100 are expected to be extensively used in home or business network systems, including use of a master remote controller 31 without (or with) microprocessing capability, with preferably broad bandwidth connections such as fiber optic cable connecting directly to at least one component such as a PC 1, shown in a slave configuration, of the home or business personal network system; that preferred connection links the home system to the network 2 such as the Internet 3, as shown in FIG. 101. A business system includes preferably fiber optic links to most or all personal computers PC 1 and other devices with microprocessors, such as printers, copiers, scanners, fax machines, telephone and video conferencing equipment; wireless links can be used also.
[0098] A PC 1 user can remotely access his networked PC 1 by using another networked master microprocessor 30 on another PC 1 and using a password or other access control means for entry to his own PC 1 master microprocessor 30 and files, as is common now in Internet and other access. Alternately, a remote user can simply carry his own files and his own master microprocessor or use another networked master microprocessor temporarily has his own.
[0099] In the simplest configuration, as shown in FIG. 10B, the PC 1 has a single master microprocessor 30 and a single slave microprocessor 40, preferably separated by a firewall 50, with both processors used in parallel or multitasking processing or with only the slave 40 so used, and preferably connected to a network computer 2 and Internet 3 (and successors like the MetaInternet). Virtually any number of slave microprocessors 40 is possible. The other non-microprocessor components shown in FIG. 10A above might also be included in this simple FIG. 10B configuration.
[0100] Preferably, as shown in FIG. 10C, microprocessors 90 are expected to integrate most or all of the other necessary computer components (or their present or future equivalents or successors), like a PC's memory (RAM 66, graphics 82, sound 83, power management 84, network communications 85, and video processing 86, possibly including modem 87, flash bios 88, digital signal processor or processors 89, and other components or present or future equivalents or successors) and internal bus, on a single chip 90 (silicon, plastic, or other), known in the industry as "system on a chip". Such a PC micro chip 90 preferably has the same architecture as that of the PC 1 shown above in FIG. 10A: namely, a master control and/or processing unit 93 and one or more slave processing units 94 (for parallel or multitasking processing by either the PC 1 or the Network 2), preferably separated by a firewall 50 and preferably connected to a network computer 3 and the Internet 3 and successors like the MetaInternet.
[0101] Existing PC components with mechanical components like hard drive 61, floppy or other removable diskette 62, CD-ROM 63 and DVD 64, which are mass storage devices with mechanical features that will likely not become an integral part of a PC "system of a chip" would preferably, of course, still be capable of connection to a single PC micro chip 90 and control by a single PC master unit 93.
[0102] In the simplest multi-processor case, as shown in FIG. 10D, the chip 90 has a single master unit 93 and at least one slave unit 94 (with the master having a controlling function only or a processing function also), preferably separated by a firewall 50 and preferably connected to a network computer 3 and the Internet 3 (and successors like the MetaInternet). The other non-microprocessor components shown in FIG. 10A above might also be included in this simple Figure 10D configuration.
[0103] As noted in the second paragraph of the introduction to the background of the invention, in the preferred network invention, any computer can potentially be both a user and provider, alternatively--a dual mode operating capability. Consequently, any PC 1 within the network 2, preferably connected to the Internet 3 (and successors like the MetaInternet), can be temporarily a master PC 30 at one time initiating a parallel or multitasking processing request to the network 2 for execution by at least one slave PC 40, as shown in FIG. 10E. At another time the same PC 1 can become a slave PC 40 that executes a parallel or multitasking processing request by another PC 1' that has temporarily assumed the function of master 30, as shown in FIG. 10F. The simplest approach to achieving this alternation is for both master and slave versions of the parallel processing software to be loaded in each or every PC 1 that is to share in the parallel processing, so each PC 1 has the necessary software means, together with minor operational modifications, such as adding a switching means by which a signaled request for parallel processing initiated by one PC 1 user using master software is transmitted to at least a second PC 1, triggering its slave software to respond by initiating parallel processing.
[0104] As shown in FIGS. 10G and 10H, which are parallel to FIGS. 10E and 10F, the number of PC slave processors 40 can be increased to any virtually other number, such as at least about 4; as shown, the processing system is completely scalar, so that further increases can occur to about eight, about 16, about 32, about 64, about 128, about 256, about 512, about 1024, and so on (these multiples indicated are preferred as conventional in the art, but not mandatory); the PC master microprocessors 30 can also be increased.
[0105] In summary, as noted above relative to FIG. 10I, a PC 1 can function as a slave PC 40 and be controlled by a master controller 31, which can be remote and which preferably can have limited or no microprocessing capability, but can as well have similar or greater capability. As shown in FIGS. 10J and 10K, such a master controller 31 is located on the PC user side of the firewall 50, under the control of the PC user, while the microprocessors 40 reside on the network side of the firewall 50. The master controller 31 preferably receives input from the PC user by local means such as keyboard, microphone, videocam or future hardware and/or software and/or firmware or other equivalent or successor interface means (as does a master processor 40) that provides input to a PC 1 or microprocessor 30 originating from a user's hand, voice, eye, nerve or nerves, or other body part; in addition, remote access by telephone, cable, wireless or other connection might also be enabled by a hardware and/or software and/or firmware and/or other means with suitable security such as password controlled access. Similarly, as shown in FIG. 10L and 10M, relative to a PC "system on a chip" a master controller unit 93' (which could be capable of being accessed by the PC user through a remote controller 31) with only a controlling capability is be located on the PC user side of the firewall 50, under the control of the PC user, while the slave processor units 94 would reside on the network side of the firewall 50.
[0106] FIGS. 10N and 10O show PC 1 with a firewall 50 that is configurable through either hardware and/or software and/or firmware and/or other means; software configuration are easiest and most typical, but active motherboard hardware configuration is possible and may present some security advantages, including as use of manual or electromechanical or other switches or locks. FIG. 1ON shows a CD-ROM 63' that has been placed by a PC user on the network side of a firewall 50 from a previous position on the PC user side of a firewall 50, which was shown in FIG. 10A. Preferably, the settings of a firewall 50 can default to those that safely protect the PC 1 from uncontrolled access by network users, but with capability for the relatively sophisticated PC user to override such default settings and yet with proper safeguards to protect the unsophisticated user from inadvertently doing so; configuration of a firewall 50 might also be actively controlled by a network administrator in a local network like that of a business, where a PC user may not be owner or leaser of the PC being used, either by remote access on the network or with a remote controller 31.
[0107] Similarly, FIGS. 10P and 10Q show a PC "system of a chip" 90 with a firewall 50 that is configurable through either hardware and/or software and/or firmware and/or other means; software configuration is easiest and most typical. Active configuration of the integrated circuits of the PC microchip 90 is also possible and may present some speed and security advantages. Such direct configuration of the circuits of the microchip 90
to establish or change in its firewall 50 could be provided by the use of field-programmable gate arrays (or FPGA's ) or their future equivalents or successors; microcircuit electromechanical or other switches or locks can also be used potentially. In FIG. 10P, for example, slave processing unit 94' has been moved to the PC user side of a firewall 50 from a network side position shown in FIGS. 10C and 10L. Similarly, FIG. 10Q shows the same active configuration of chip circuit using FPGA's for the simplest form of multiprocessing microchip 90 with a single slave unit 94', transferring its position to the PC user's side of a firewall 50
from a network side shown in FIGS. 10M and 10D.
[0108] In summary, relative to the use of master/slave computers, FIGS. 10A-10I show embodiments of a system for a network of computers, including personal computers, comprising: at least two personal computers; means for at least one personal computer, when directed by its personal user, to function temporarily as a master personal computer to initiate and control the execution of a computer processing operation shared with at least one other personal computer in the network; means for at least one other personal computer, when idled by its personal user, to be made available to function temporarily as at least one slave personal computer to participate in the execution of a shared computer processing operation controlled by the master personal computer; and means for the personal computers to alternate as directed between functioning as a master and functioning as a slave in the shared computer processing operations. In addition, FIGS. 10A-10H show embodiments including wherein the system is scalar in that the system imposes no limit to the number of personal computers; for example, the system can include at least 256 said personal computers; the system is scalar in that the system imposes no limit to the number of personal computers participating in a single shared computer processing operation, including at least 256 said personal computers, for example; the network is connected to the Internet and its equivalents and successors, so that personal computers include at least a million personal computers, for example; the shared computer processing is parallel processing; the network is connected to the World Wide Web and its successors; a means for network services, including browsing and broadcast functions, as well as shared computer processing such as parallel processing, are provided to said personal computers within said network; the network includes at least one network server that participates in the shared computer processing; the personal computers include a transponder or equivalent or successor means so that a master personal computer can determine the closest available slave personal computers; the closest available slave personal computer is compatible with the master personal computer to execute said shared computer processing operation; the personal computers having at least one microprocessor and communicating with the network through a connection means having a speed of data transmission that is at least greater than a peak data processing speed of the microprocessor; and a local network PC 1 being controlled remotely by a microprocessor controller 31.
[0109] The preferred use of the firewall 50, as described above in FIGS. 10A-10I, provides a solution to an important security problem by preferably completely isolating host PC's 1 that are providing slave microprocessors to the network for parallel or other shared processing functions from any capability to access or retain information about any element about that shared processing. In addition, of course, the firewall 50 provides security for the host PC against intrusion by outside hackers; by reducing the need for encryption and authentication, the use of firewalls 50 can provide a relative increase in computing speed and efficiency. In addition to computers such as personal computers, the firewall 50 described above could be used in any computing device included in this application's above definition of personal computers, including those with "appliance"-type microprocessors, such as telephones, televisions or cars, as discussed above.
[0110] In summary, regarding the use of firewalls, FIGS. 10A-10I show embodiments of a system architecture for computers, including personal computers, to function within a network of computers, comprising: a computer with at least two microprocessors and having a connection means with a network of computers; the architecture for the computers including a firewall means for personal computers to limit access by the network to only a portion of the hardware, software, firmware, and other components of the personal computers; the firewall means will not permit access by the network to at least a one microprocessor having a means to function as a master microprocessor to initiate and control the execution of a computer processing operation shared with at least one other microprocessor having a means to function as a slave microprocessor; and the firewall means permitting access by the network to the slave microprocessor. In addition, the system architecture explicitly includes embodiments of, for example, the computer is a personal computer; the personal computer is a microchip; the computer have a control means by which to permit and to deny access to the computer by the network for shared computer processing; the system is scalar in that the system imposes no limit to the number of personal computers, including at least 256 said personal computers, for example; the network is connected to the Internet and its equivalents and successors, so that the personal computers include at least a million personal computers, for example; the system is scalar in that the system imposes no limit to the number of personal computers participating in a single shared computer processing operation, including at least 256 said personal computers, for example; the personal computers having at least one microprocessor and communicating with the network through a connection means having a speed of data transmission that is at least greater than a peak data processing speed of the microprocessor.
[0111] In summary, regarding the use of controllers with firewalls, FIGS. 10J-10M show embodiments of a system architecture for computers, including personal computers, to function within a network of computers, comprising for example: a computer with at least a controller and a microprocessor and having a connection means with a network of computers; the architecture for the computers including a firewall means for personal computers to limit access by the network to only a portion of the hardware, software, firmware, and other components of the personal computers; the firewall means will not permit access by the network to at least a one controller having a means to initiate and control the execution of a computer processing operation shared with at least one microprocessor having a means to function as a slave microprocessor; and the firewall means permitting access by the network to the slave microprocessor. In addition, the system architecture explicitly includes embodiments of, for example, the computer is a personal computer; the personal computer is a microchip; the computer have a control means by which to permit and to deny access to the computer by the network for shared computer processing; the system is scalar in that the system imposes no limit to the number of personal computers, including at least 256 said personal computers, for example; the network is connected to the Internet and its equivalents and successors, so that the personal computers include at least a million personal computers, for example; the system is scalar in that the system imposes no limit to the number of personal computers participating in a single shared computer processing operation, including at least 256 said personal computers, for example; the personal computers having at least one microprocessor and communicating with the network through a connection means having a speed of data transmission that is at least greater than a peak data processing speed of the microprocessor; and the controller being capable of remote use.
[0112] In summary, regarding the use of firewalls that can be actively configured, FIGS. 10N-10Q show embodiments of a system architecture for computers, including personal computers, to function within a network of computers, comprising for example: a computer with at least two microprocessors and having a connection means with a network of computers; the architecture for the computers including a firewall means for personal computers to limit access by the network to only a portion of the hardware, software, firmware, and other components of the personal computers; the firewall means will not permit access by the network to at least a one microprocessor having a means to function as a master microprocessor to initiate and control the execution of a computer processing operation shared